FUNDAMENTALS

OF
ELECTRONICS
TROUBLESHOOTING
AND
REPAIRING
TROUBLESHOOTING……..

IS THE ACT OR PROCESS OF

LOCATING THE ROOT CAUSE OF
TROUBLE THAT CONTRIBUTES
THE FAILURE OF THE SYSTEM TO
OPERATE AND FUNCTION
NORMALLY!
REPAIRING…..
IS THE ACT OF ACTUALLY
REPLACING OR FIXING THE
DEFECTIVE PART/S OR
COMPONENTS SO AS TO RESTORE
THE NORMAL OPERATIONAL
CONDITION OF THE SYSTEM.
 • ASK QUESTIONS
SYMPTOMS • OPERATE CONSOLIDATION PIN
GATHERING THE UNIT
AND POINTING
ANALYSIS

• SECTION LEVEL
ISOLATION • COMPONENT REPAIRING PULL OUT
PROCESS LEVEL WORK DEFECTIVE
PART

DETERMINE • COLD
APPROPRIATE CHECK
• HOT CHECK DRY RUN TEST/OPERATE
METHOD TESTING THE UNIT

TROUBLESHOOTING ACTUAL V, I, R,
MEASUREMENTS
PROPER

TROUBLESHOOTING & REPAIR FLOW CHART

 SYMPTOMS
GATHERING
ASK QUESTIONS!
DON’T ASK QUESTIONS THAT
WELL TEST THE OWNER HIS/HER
TECHNICAL BACKGROUND ,
RATHER ASK QUESTIONS THAT
WILL LEAD YOU AS TO WHAT
EVENTS TRIGGER THE PROBLEM!
SAMPLE QUESTIONS:
• DID YOU OBSERVE SMOKE
EMISSION?
• DID YOU SMELL SOME BURNING
ODOR?
• DID YOU FEEL EXCESSIVE OVER
HEATING?
MOST OF ALL, DON’T FORGERT TO
ASK IF SOMEBODY ATTEMP TO
REPAIR THE UNIT!
 SYMPTOMS • OPERATE
GATHERING THE UNIT
OPERATE THE UNIT!
SOME EVENTS PRIOR TO THE
PROBLEM ARE NOT OBSERVABLE
TO THE USER AND SOME USER
TENDS TO MISLEAD THE
TECHNICIAN!
“ TO OPERATE THE UNIT IS THE
BEST ANS ACCURATE WAY
TO DETERMINE THE ACTUAL
PROBLEM BUT SAFETY MUST
BE PROPERLY IN PLACE TO
AVOID FURTHER DAMAGE TO
THE EQUIPMENT!
BEFORE YOU OPERATE, MAKE
SURE THAT THE UNIT IS:
SHORTED FREE
GROUNDED FREE
COLD CHECK METHOD IS
SUGGESTED TO BE
IMPLEMENTED AT THIS STAGE!
 ISOLATION • SECTION LEVEL
PROCESS • COMPONENT
LEVEL

SECTION LEVEL!
USING A BLOCK DIAGRAM AND
ON THE BASIS OF GATHERED
SYMPTOMS, DETERMINE THE
SECTION THAT OFFERS THE
CAUSE OF TROUBLE!
 • SECTION LEVEL
ISOLATION
ISOLATION
PROCESS
• COMPONENT
PROCESS LEVEL
COMPONENT LEVEL!
THE OBJECTIVE IS TO PINPOINT
THE PART OR DEVICE THAT
SPECIFICALLY OFFERS THE
CAUSE OF PROBLEM!
BOTH COLD AND HOT CHECK
METHOD MAYBE
EMPLOYED AT THIS POINT OF
WORK!
SAMPLE BLOCK DIAGRAM!
AUDIO

AC V REC FILTER REG LOAD

LO
VAC

FBK

VERT
 DETERMINE • COLD CHECK
APPROPRIATE • HOT CHECK
METHOD

COLD CHECK!

TWO COMPONENTS OF
COLD CHECK METHOD:
1. RESISTANCE CHECK
2. CONTINUITY CHECK
RESISTANCE CHECK

IS BEST EMPLOYED WHEN

THE TROUBLESHOOTER IS ON
THE STAGE OF DETERMINING
THE DEFECTIVE COMPONENT !
 TROUBLE ACTUAL V, C, R
SHOOTING MEASUREMENTS
PROPER

AT THIS STAGE, THE OBJECTIVE

IS TO PINPOINT THE COMPONENT/S
THAT CAUSES THE PROBLEM.
COMBINATION OF HOT CHECK AND
COLD CHECK MAYBE EMPLOYED
AT THIS STAGE.
 CONSOLIDATION
AND PINPOINTING
ANALYSIS
PINPOINTING!
THIS IS THE STAGE PRIOR TO
REPAIRING WORK! CAREFUL AND
FINAL JUDGEMENT IS DONE AT THIS
STAGE WHERE THE COMPONENT
CONCERNED IS POINTED OUT FOR
PULLING OUT AND SUBJECT FOR
REPLACEMENT!
 REPAIRING WORK

PULL OUT DEFECTIVE PART

THIS IS THE FINAL STAGE
WHEREIN THE OBJECTIVE IS TO
CONTAINED THE ROOT CAUSE OF
PROBLEM. THIS IS DONE BY
DESOLDERING THE CONCERNED
DEVICE AND REPLACED BY A
GOOD ONE.
 DRY RUN TEST/OPERATE
TESTING THE UNIT
TROUBLESHOOTING AND
REPAIRING WORKS ARE DONE
PRIOR TO THIS STAGE! THE
OBJECTIVE HERE IS TO MAKE
CERTAIN THAT THERE ARE NO
HIDDEN PROBLEMS THAT ARE
LEFT BEHIND.
SUGGESTED DRY RUN TIME
IS 4 TO 8 HOURS. HERE THE UNIT
IS EXPOSED TO ALL NORMAL
OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS AND
REQUIERMENTS!
 • ASK QUESTIONS
SYMPTOMS • OPERATE CONSOLIDATION PIN
GATHERING THE UNIT
AND POINTING
ANALYSIS

• SECTION LEVEL
ISOLATION • COMPONENT REPAIRING PULL OUT
PROCESS LEVEL WORK DEFECTIVE
PART

DETERMINE • COLD
APPROPRIATE CHECK
• HOT CHECK DRY RUN TEST/OPERATE
METHOD TESTING THE UNIT

TROUBLESHOOTING ACTUAL V, I, R,
MEASUREMENTS
PROPER

TROUBLESHOOTING & REPAIR FLOW CHART

RADIO BROADCAST
SERVICES
RADIO- THE WORD RADIO
MEANS RADIATION FOR
WIRELESS TRANSMISSION.
- SYSTEM OF
COMMUNICATION USING
RADIO WAVES
- USE OF EMW FOR
DISTANCE COMMUNICATION
HOW WAS DISTANCE
COMMUNICATION ARE USED
BEFORE?
 AT FIRST, COMMUNICATION
WAS BY RADIO TELEGRAPH,
USING SHORT DOT/S AND
LONGER DASHES IN THE MORSE
CODE.
EX.
._ _... _._. _..
._. .._ … … . ._..
_ …. .
._ _. _ _ _ _ _. ..
 NOW, RADIO IS USED FOR
VOICE COMMUNICATION
AND FOR BROADCASTING
VOICE AND MUSIC
PROGRAMS FOR
ENTERTAINMENT.
THIS APPLICATION IS
CONSIDERED AS
COMMUNICATION
ELECTRONICS, WHICH
INCLUDE TELEVISION.
PRACTICALLY ALL RADIO
AND TELEVISION
RECEIVERS ARE NOW
SOLID – STATE DEVICES.
SOLID STATE DEVICES ARE
TRANSISTORS AND
INTERGRATED CIRCUITS
INSTEAD OF VACUUM TUBES
AMPLIFIERS WHICH ARE
NOW OBSOLETE.
DIFFERENT USES OF
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
1. RADIO BROADCASTING
OF VOICE AND MUSIC
AM/FM
2. TELEVISION
BROADCASTING
3. etc.
IN ADDITION, RADIO
COMMUNICATION IS USED
FOR SPECIFIC SERVICES.
1. POLICE RADIO
2. RADIO NAVIGATION FOR
SHIPS AND
PLANES
RADIO SERVICES IN THE
UNITED STATES ARE
REGULATED BY THE FCC,
FEDERAL COMMUNICATION
COMMISSION.