Unit-XIV

Chapter-3
Reduction formulae, Beta and Gamma functions
Reduction formulae:

Reduction formula for

Example: Find the value of ( Ex.4(A) 1.(i) )

Using the reduction formula.

Which is the required reduction formula for .
……………………………………………………….................................(i)
Replacing n by n-2, n-4, ……. Successively, from (i) we get,

Proceeding in this way we get,

(A)
 Obtain the similar result for

(B)

Note: The formula (A) and (B) are known as Walli’s formula.
Example: Find the value of, . Ex.-4(A) 2-(a) (i)

Solution:

The reduction formula is

Reduction formula for
Example: Evaluate,

Obtain the reduction formula for

Prove yourself.
Reduction formula for

Cos nx sinx = sin nx cosx – sin(nx-x)

Using this relation in (i) we get,
 ………………………..(ii)

Using (ii) we have,

Prove yourself !
(Replacing n by n+1.)
Proved.
 Beta and Gamma Functions
Beta function:

Gamma function:
 Properties of Beta and Gamma functions:

Proof: Since
Proof:
Proof:

Integrating by parts gives

So differentiating up to n steps by using L’Hospital’s rule

Hence from (i), we have

Proof:

……………
……………
Similarly
Proof:
 …………………(i)

(Proof is beyond our course)

 Exercise-5
1. (ii) Find the value of
i
Or, I
5. Apply Gamma function to prove:
Or, I

6. Use Gamma function to prove:

Proved.
Or, I