SSD - UNIT- II

SSD - UNIT- II

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Outline
Power Electronics Converters for DC Drives
Controlled Rectifier Fed DC Drives
Single Phase
Two-quadrant

Four-quadrant

References

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Power Electronic Converters
for DC Drives
Speed Control Strategy:
below base speed: Va control
above base speed: flux control via Vf control
Power electronics converters are used to obtain variable
voltage
Highly efficient
Ideally lossless
Type of converter used is depending on voltage source :
AC voltage source  Controlled Rectifiers
Fixed DC voltage source  DC-DC converters

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Controlled Rectifier Fed DC Drives

To obtain variable DC voltage from fixed AC source
DC current flows in only 1 direction
Example of a drive system

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variable Frequency drives

variable speed DC drives or Thyristor Drives - ranging from 1HP to

3000HP. salient feature of our Drive include:
- Full control three phase interchangeable thyristor bridges.
- Drive status indications
- Selection of Armature/Tachogenerator feedback available on card6
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Controlled Rectifier Fed 

– Single-phase DC Drives Q2 Q1

Two-quadrant drive Q3 Q4 T
Limited to applications up to 15 kW
Regeneration (Q4) only be achieved with loads that can drive
the motor in reverse (-ve )

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 Continuous conduction
 a <90

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 Continuous conduction
a > 90

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 Discontinuous conduction
SSD - UNIT- II

 a <90

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Controlled Rectifier Fed
– Single-phase DC Drives +
ia

Two-quadrant drive Single-

phase Va
For continuous current: supply
Armature voltage 

2Vm
Va  cos  a
 2Vm

where Vm = peak voltage
Va  Ea
Armature current I a 
Ra 90o 180o


2Vm
Field voltage V  cos  f 
2Vm

f 

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Controlled Rectifier Fed
– Single-phase DC Drives +
ia

+
Single-
Two-quadrant drive phase Va Ea
supply 
For Quadrant 1 operation:  
 positive  Ea and Va positive
a  90 2Vm
Va  cos  a
Ia positive 2Vm 


Rectifier delivers power to motor, Q1

i.e. forward motoring. 90o 180o


2Vm


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Controlled Rectifier Fed
– Single-phase DC Drives 
ia


Single-
Two-quadrant drive phase Va Ea 
supply
For Quadrant 4 operation: + +
 negative  Ea negative
a > 90  Va negative 2Vm
Va  cos  a
Ia positive (still in same direction) 2Vm 


Rectifier takes power from motor,

i.e. regenerative braking. 90o 180o


Q4
2Vm


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Steady State Analysis of continuous conduction

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Speed – torque characteristics

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Controlled Rectifier Fed
– Single-phase DC Drives 
Four-quadrant drive
Converter 1 for operation in 1st and 4th quadrant Q2 Q1
Converter 2 for operation in 2nd and 3rd quadrant Q3 Q4 T
Limited to applications up to 15 kW

+
Single- ia Single-
phase Va phase
supply supply


Two rectifiers
Converter 1 Converter 2 connected in anti-
parallel across
motor armature
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– Single-phase DC Drives
Four-quadrant drive
For continuous current:
 Both converters are operated to produce the same dc voltage across the
terminal, i.e.: V1 V2  0
2Vm 2Vm
where V1  cos  a1 and V2  cos  a 2
 
(Vm = peak supply voltage)
 Hence, firing angles of both converters must satisfy the following:
 a1   a 2  
+ 
Va  Ea
 Armature current I a 
Ra V1 V2
2Vm
 Field voltage V f  cos f  +

Converter 1 Converter 2
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Rectifier Fed DC Drives Problems

Distortion of Supply
Controlled rectifier introduces harmonics to supply currents
and voltages which cause:
 heating and torque pulsations in motor
 resonance in power system network – interaction between rectifier
RL with capacitor banks in the system
Solution - eliminate most dominant harmonics by:
 install LC filters at input of converters – tuned to absorb most
dominant harmonics (i.e. 5th and 7th harmonics)
 Use 12-pulse converter – consists of two 6-pulse controlled
rectifiers connected in parallel
 Selective switching of supply input using self-commutating devices
(eg. GTOs, IGBTs) in the converter

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References
Rashid, M.H, Power Electronics: Circuit, Devices and
Applictions, 3rd ed., Pearson, New-Jersey, 2004.
Dubey, G.K., Fundamentals of Electric Drives, 2nd ed., Alpha
Science Int. Ltd., UK, 2001.
Krishnan, R., Electric Motor Drives: Modeling, Analysis and
Control, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 2001.
Nik Idris, N. R., Short Course Notes on Electrical Drives,
UNITEN/UTM, 2008.
Ahmad Azli, N., Short Course Notes on Electrical Drives,
UNITEN/UTM, 2008.

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Thank You

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