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1.0 Introduction (Parta)
1.0 Introduction (Parta)
INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE
(PART A)
OBJECTIVES
AT THE END OF THIS SUB-CHAPTER, STUDENTS SHOULD
BE ABLE TO:
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DATA VS INFORMATION
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DATA VS INFORMATION
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CLASSIFY DATA & INFORMATION
DATA INFORMATION
• CUSTOMER NAME : JOHN • TOTAL : $1000
MATHEWS
• SERVICE TAX : 12.8
• NO OF PEOPLE : 04 • EDU. CESS : 12.8
• MENU : TOMATO SOUP, VAGE
KABAB • DISCOUNT : 9.6
• PRICE : $500 • CASHBACK : 10
• QUANTITY : 02 • NET : $990
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CLASSIFY DATA & INFORMATION
DATA INFORMATION
• AUGUST 09,2015 • 3 NIGHTS
• AUGUST 12,2015 • CLASSIC X1
• HUNNY208@GMAIL.COM • COMPLETED
• 019-2356624 • RM 497.81
• NUR HANI ZULKIFLI ABAI • RM152.14
• 3 ADULTS • RM649.95
• CLASSIC
• FREE WIFI
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DATA VS INFO - CONCLUSION
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CAN YOU
DIFFERENTIATE
IT??
:/ /C RE AT E.K A HOO T.IT/
HTTPS
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FILE-BASED SYSTEMS
• COLLECTION OF APPLICATION PROGRAMS THAT
PERFORM SERVICES FOR THE END USERS (E.G.
REPORTS).
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FILE-BASED PROCESSING
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LIMITATIONS OF FILE-
BASED APPROACH
SEPARATION AND ISOLATION OF DATA
EACH PROGRAM MAINTAINS ITS OWN SET OF DATA.
USERS OF ONE PROGRAM MAY BE UNAWARE OF POTENTIALLY USEFUL
DATA HELD BY OTHER PROGRAMS.
DUPLICATION OF DATA
SAME DATA IS HELD BY DIFFERENT PROGRAMS.
WASTED SPACE AND POTENTIALLY DIFFERENT VALUES AND/OR
DIFFERENT FORMATS FOR THE SAME ITEM.
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LIMITATIONS OF FILE-
BASED APPROACH
DATA DEPENDENCE
FILE STRUCTURE IS DEFINED IN THE PROGRAM CODE.
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LIMITATIONS OF FILE-
BASED APPROACH
• DEFINITION OF DATA WAS EMBEDDED IN APPLICATION
PROGRAMS, RATHER THAN BEING STORED SEPARATELY AND
INDEPENDENTLY.
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READING MATERIAL
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WATCH THIS VIDEO
• HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=VQGVE-V87NI&T=61S
• HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=VQGVE-V87NI
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ACTIVITY 1A
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WHAT IS
DATABASE • HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=
T8JGX1F8KC4
?
DATABASE
SHARED COLLECTION OF LOGICALLY RELATED DATA
(AND A DESCRIPTION OF THIS DATA), DESIGNED TO
MEET THE INFORMATION NEEDS OF AN ORGANIZATION.
LOGICALLY RELATED DATA COMPRISES ENTITIES,
ATTRIBUTES, AND RELATIONSHIPS OF AN
ORGANIZATION'S INFORMATION.
DESCRIPTION OF DATA KNOWN AS SYSTEM
CATALOG (METADATA OR DATA DICTIONARY)
PROVIDES PROGRAM–DATA INDEPENDENCE.
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EXAMPLES OF DATABASE
APPLICATIONS
• PURCHASES FROM THE SUPERMARKET
• PURCHASES USING YOUR CREDIT CARD
• BOOKING A HOLIDAY AT THE TRAVEL AGENTS
• USING THE LOCAL LIBRARY
• TAKING OUT INSURANCE
• USING THE INTERNET
• STUDYING AT UNIVERSITY
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LOGICALLY RELATED
DATA
• ENTITY – A DISTINCT OBJECT IN THE ORGANIZATION, I.E.
A PERSON, PLACE, THING, CONCEPT, OR EVENT.
• ATTRIBUTE – A PROPERTY THAT DESCRIBES SOME
ASPECT OF ENTITY.
• RELATIONSHIP – AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ENTITIES
Watch this video
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END OF P A R T A
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