CHAPTER 6

CHEMICAL
REACTIONS
ALINA AMIR
MUSAB SCHOOL
 IRON AND
SULPHUR
▪ Recall the color of
Sulphur and iron

▪ Sulphur is yellow and

iron fillings are of
greyish color

Physical change ▪ Mixture of two can be

easily separated by
since no new
magnet.
substance is formed
 IRONSULPHIDE
• Iron sulphide is a new substance and the
heating has caused a chemical change to take
place.

• Used in rechargeable batteries.

• Iron and Sulphur are combined chemically in a

fixed ratio.

• Fe + S 🡪 FeS ( Reactants/Products)

• Exothermic Reaction
 MAGNESIUM AND
OXYGEN
• Recall the color of Magnesium
• Exothermic Reaction
• Magnesium combines with oxygen in air to form a powder known as Magnesium oxide
• Recall the color of Magnesium oxide

Uses of magnesium :
Is used as medicine to relieve indigestion.
Used in processing of leather
To make Portland cement

Equation:
Mg + O2 🡪 MgO
Magnesium +Oxygen 🡪Magnesium Oxide

Balancing:
Mg + O2 🡪 MgO
 FIRE WORK
DISPLAY
• Fast, explosive chemical
reaction.
• Different colors are added to
gun powder.
• Copper compounds give
blue colors and sodium
compounds give yellow
color.
 EVIDENCE OF CHEMICAL CHANGE
• New substance is formed.
• Mass is not lost when the reactants turn into products. Mass is conserved.
• Energy in form of heat is given out or taken in. Example Iron sulphide formation.
• Exothermic and endothermic reactions
• Visible change may occur in the reaction
✔ A gas may be given off
✔ A solid may be made
✔ A color change may occur

• Change is usually impossible to reverse back.

 SPEED OF REACTION
• The size of the pieces of the solid reactants
• Temperature
• Concentration of solution
• Pressure (of gas)
• Light
• Catalyst
THE SIZE OF THE PIECES OF THE SOLID
REACTANTS AND TEMPERATURE
Reacts slowly Reacts
explosively

CO2 gas
produced in
shorter time

HEAT
CATALYST

Speedy reaction

Catalyst remains
unchanged
 PRESSURE

Hydrogen + Oxygen 🡪 Water

If pressure is increased the gases react more vigerously
CONCENTRATION
 OXIDATION REACTION

• Magnesium + Oxygen 🡪 Magnesium Oxide

• Mg + O2 🡪 MgO

• Oxygen is gained by one on the reactants

• Combustion reaction is a type of oxidation reaction
• OXIDE IS FORMED
 THERMAL DECOMPOSITION REACTION

• Substances decomposes or breaks down when they are

heated.
• ∆ symbol for heat
∆
• Calcium carbonate 🡪 Calcium oxide +Carbon dioxide
(Chalk/ limestone) (Quick lime)
• CaCO3 🡪 CaO +CO2
NEUTRALIZATION REACTION
• Acid react with alkali to form metal salt and water
• Acid has lower pH than 7
• Alkali has pH more than 7
• Alkali neutralize acid ( nullify the effect of acid)
DISPLACEMENT REACTION
These are reactions in which one substance pushes out another and
takes its place.
MAGNESIUM AND COPPER SULPHATE

The copper
sinks to the
bottom of the
tube as a
brown layer
IRON AND COPPER SULPHATE

The copper forms a

brown coating on the
nail

Iron + Copper Sulphate 🡪 Iron sulphate +Copper

 METAL AND ACID
• All acids contain hydrogen and the metal displaces the hydrogen in the solution.
• Magnesium + Sulphuric acid 🡪 Magnesium sulphate + Hydrogen

Hydrogen gas
is evolved
during metal
SALT and acid
reaction

Mg + H2SO4 🡪 MgSO4 + H2
H.W

• Q1-Q9 of exercise