BSN Post RN

SESSION 2017-2019
Subject : Clinical Education

Topic : Gestational Hypertension

External Evaluator : Principal: Madam Rubina Jabeen
Mrs. Kouser Parveen (DGN Punjab) Course co-ordinator:
Director Nursing (Superior University) Mam Zunaira Amir
Madam Sayeda Sidra Tasneem

Presented By: Zubaida Khanum

Date of Submission: 08-10-2019
 Introduction
Gestational hypertension or pregnancy-
induced hypertension (PIH) is the
development of new hypertension in
a pregnant woman after 20 weeks' gestation
without the presence of protein in the urine
or other signs of pre eclampsia.
 Definition
1. Gestational Hypertension also referred to
as Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension (PIH) is a
condition characterized by high blood pressure
during pregnancy.  Gestational Hypertension can
lead to a serious condition called Preeclampsia,
also referred to as Toxemia. Hypertension during
pregnancy affects about 6-8% of pregnant women
2. Gestational hypertension is defined as having a
blood pressure greater than 140/90 on two
separate occasions at least 6 hours apart.
 Etiology
 unknown, but is more common in patients who have kidney
disease or diabetes prior to pregnancy
 women who had high blood pressure
 gestational hypertension in previous pregnancies.
 pregnant with twins (or triplets),
 maternal age younger than 20 years old or older than 40
years old
 First time moms
 women whose sisters and mothers had PIH
 Signs and Symptoms
 High blood pressure is the major sign in
diagnosing gestational hypertension.
 Symptoms
 Edema
 Sudden weight gain
 Blurred vision or sensitivity to light
 Nausea and vomiting
 Persistent headaches
 Increased blood pressure
 Pathophysiology
 Hypertension can prevent the placenta from
getting enough blood. If the placenta doesn’t
get enough blood, your baby gets less
oxygen and food. This can result in low birth
weight. Most women still can deliver a healthy
baby if hypertension is detected and treated
early.
 If your hypertension is severe, it can lead to

Preeclampsia, which can have much more

serious effects on mom and baby.
 Diagnose

 At each prenatal checkup, your healthcare

provider will check your blood pressure and
urine levels. Your doctor may also check your
kidney and blood tests-clotting functions,
perform an ultrasound scan to check your
baby’s growth, and use a Doppler Scan to
measure the efficiency of blood flow to the
placenta.
 Types
 The different types of hypertension during pregnancy:
High blood pressure can present itself in a few different ways during
pregnancy.
The following are the 3 common types of gestational hypertension:
 Chronic Hypertension– Women who have high blood pressure (over
140/90) before pregnancy, early in pregnancy (before 20 weeks), or
continue to have it after delivery.
 Gestational Hypertension– High blood pressure that develops after
week 20 in pregnancy and goes away after delivery.
 Preeclampsia – Both chronic hypertension and gestational
hypertension can lead to this severe condition after week 20 of
pregnancy. Symptoms include high blood pressure and protein in the
urine. This can lead to serious complications for both mom and baby
if not treated quickly.
 Treatment

 Rest, lying on your left side to take the weight of

the baby off your major blood vessels.
 Increase prenatal checkups.
 Consume less salt.
 Drink 8 glasses of water a day.
 If you have severe Hypertension, your doctor may
try to treat you with blood
pressure medication until you are far enough
along to deliver safely.
 Preventions
 Diet
 Exercise

 Use salt as needed for taste.

 Drink at least 8 glasses of water a day.

 Increase the amount of protein you take in, and decrease the number

of fried foods and junk food you eat.

 Get enough rest.

 Exercise regularly.

 Elevate your feet several times during the day.

 Avoid drinking alcohol.

 Avoid beverages containing caffeine.

 Your doctor may suggest you take the prescribed medicine and

additional supplements.
 References
 Williams obstetrics (24th ed.). McGraw-Hill Professional. 2014. 
 "Gestational Hypertension". Stanford Children's Health.
 Garg AX, Nevis IF, McArthur E, Sontrop JM, Koval JJ, Lam NN, Hildebrand AM, Reese PP, Storsley L, Gill
JS, Segev DL, Habbous S, Bugeja A, Knoll GA, Dipchand C, Monroy-Cuadros M, Lentine KL (January
2015). "Gestational hypertension and preeclampsia in living kidney donors". N. Engl. J. Med. 372 (2): 124–
33. 
 Lo, JO; Mission, JF; Caughey, AB (April 2013). "Hypertensive disease of pregnancy and maternal
mortality". Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 25 (2): 124–32. 
 "preeclampsia/eclampsia" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
 Abrams ET, Rutherford JN (2011). "Framing postpartum hemorrhage as a consequence of human placental
biology: an evolutionary and comparative perspective". Am Anthropol. 113 (3): 417–30. 
 Barton JR, O'brien JM, Bergauer NK, Jacques DL, Sibai BM (April 2001). "Mild gestational hypertension
remote from term: progression and outcome". Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 184(5): 979–83. 
 Rosenberg KR, Trevathan WR (December 2007). "An anthropological perspective on the evolutionary context
of preeclampsia in humans". J. Reprod. Immunol. 76 (1–2): 91–7.
 Campbell, Bernard Grant. "Reproduction and the Placenta." Human Evolution: An Introduction to Man's
Adaptations. New York: Aldine De Gruyter, 1998. 317-20.
 Moll W, Künzel W (January 1973). "The blood pressure in arteries entering the placentae of guinea pigs, rats,
rabbits, and sheep". Pflügers Arch. 338 (2): 125–31. 
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