BAUHAUS

PRESENTED BY
AAYUSH BISTA
BIPIN SHRESTHA
 DEFINITIO
N

• Bauhaus—literally translated to “construction house”—

originated as a German school of the arts in the early 20th
century.
• Founded by Walter Gropius, the school eventually morphed
into its own modern art movement characterized by its unique
approach to architecture and design.
• Today, Bauhaus is renowned for both its unique aesthetic that
inventively combines the fine arts with arts and crafts as well as
its enduring influence on modern and contemporary art.
INTRODUCTION
Bauhaus is a school in Germany that
combined crafts and the fine arts.

 It operated from 1919 to 1933,

it publicized and taught for the approach to

design

The Bauhaus school was founded by Walter

Gropius

 Ironically, despite its name and the fact its

founder was an architect, the Bauhaus did
not have an architecture department for the
first several years of its existence

Bauhaus style became one of the most

influential currents in Modernist
architecture and modern design
•The school existed in three
German cities under three
different architect- directors
(Walter Gropius from 1919 to
1927, Hannes Meyer from 1928
to 1930, Ludwig Mies van der
Rohe from 1930 to 1933).
1. Weimar from 1919 to
1925

2. Dessau from 1925 to 3. Berlin from 1932 to

1932 1933
 major architects of bauhaus
movement :

WALTER ADOLPH GEORG

LUDWIG MIES VAN DER ROHE, GROPIUS

along with Walter Gropius and Le WAS A GERMAN ARCHITECT AND

Corbusier, is widely regarded as one FOUNDER OF BAUHAUS. ALONG
of the pioneering masters of modern WITH LUDWIG MIES VAN DER ROHE
architecture. AND.
Style of Bauhaus
The style of Bauhaus is commonly characterized as a combination of
the Arts and Crafts movement with modernism, as evident in its
emphasis on function and, according to the Tate, its “aim to bring art
back into contact with everyday life.”
Thus, typical Bauhaus designs—whether evident in painting,
architecture, or interior design—feature little ornamentation and a
focus on balanced forms and abstract shapes
The Bauhaus approach stressed function and directness over
ornamentation. Bauhaus buildings emphasized geometric forms, flat
roofs, modern materials (like steel, glass, and concrete), and
simplified color schemes typically limited to white, grey, beige, and
black
 OBJECTIVES OF BAUHAUS

 One of the main objectives of the bauhaus was to unify art, craft , and technology

The machine was considered a positive element , and therefore industrial and product
design were important components.
The Bauhaus had a profound influence upon subsequent developments in art,
architecture, graphic design, interior design, industrial design and typography.
Between 1919 and 1933 the German school art and design called the Bauhaus was producing
designs which were truly made for mass production but it was thirty years later that industry
caught up with this thinking and was able to manufacture the designs for
products such as furniture and lighting cheaply enough and in large quantities .

 Many of the designs we now regard as design classics originate from the bauhaus.
Functional Techniques
1.Simplicity
8. Economy
2.Symmetry
9. Subtlety
3.Angularity 10.Continuity

4.Abstraction 11.Regularity

5.Consistency 12.Sharpness

6.Unity 13.Monochromaticity

7.Organization
 Date of construction: 1911-1913
 Architects: Adolf Meyer and Walter Gropius
The fagus factory
 It was a shoe last factory owned by Carl
Benscheidt (1858-1947).

 Use of floor-to-ceiling glass windows on

steel frames that go around the corners of
the buildings without a visible structural
support.

 For the first time a complete facade is

conceived in glass. The supporting piers
are reduced to narrow mullions of brick

 All buildings have a base of about 40cm of

black brick and the rest is built of yellow
bricks. The combined effect is a feeling of
lightness or as Gropius called it
“etherealization”.

 In order to enhance this feeling of

lightness, Gropius and Meyer used a
series of optical refinements like greater
horizontal than vertical elements on the
windows, longer windows on the corners
and taller windows on the last floor.
 The Bauhaus building provides an
important landmark of architectural The Bauhaus building
history.
 It consists of three connected wings:
 Construction of the building... Is
demonstrated by the latest
technological development of the
time: a skeleton of reinforced
concrete with brickwork, mushroom-
shaped ceilings on the lower level,
and roofs covered with asphalt tile
that can be walked upon.
 Abolition of the separating function of
the wall. Role of the walls become
restricted to that of mere screens
stretched between the upright
columns of the framework to keep out
rain, cold, and noise..
 A hole that had to be hollowed out of
the full thickness of a supporting wall-
should be giving place more and
more to the continuous horizontal
casement, subdivided by thin steel
mullions, characteristic of the New
Architecture.
 The Gropius house

 family residence of noted architect

Walter Gropius at 68 Baker Bridge
Road, Lincoln, Massachusetts.
 In keeping with Bauhaus
philosophy, every aspect of the
house and its surrounding
landscape was planned for
maximum efficiency and simplicity.
 Modest in scale, the house was
revolutionary in impact. It
combined the traditional elements
of New England architecture -
wood, brick, and fieldstone - with
innovative materials rarely used in
domestic settings at that time-
glass block, acoustical plaster, and
chrome banisters, along with the
latest technology in fixtures.
S.R. Crown Hall at the Illinois Institute of Technology
was designed by Mies van der Rohe and completed in
1956.
The Seagram Building in New York
City, with its distinctive glass and
bronze exterior, was designed by
Mies van der Rohe and completed
in 1958.
 INTERIOR
•Bauhaus interiors are
renowned for their simplicity
and openness. Minimally
adorned with iconic furniture
—including the Wassily Chair,
a model named after
Kandinsky—and
uncomplicated accents, they
perfectly echo their exteriors.
 Bauhaus Art

 In art, this emphasis on

function is apparent in the
balanced compositions of
abstract pantings by
Bauhaus artists like Wassily
Kandinsky and Paul Klee.
Undoubtedly inspired by
architecture, 
Bauhaus paintings typically Yellow-Red-Blue (1925) by Wassily
pair flat planes with Kandinsky
overlapping shapes to
suggest dimensionality.
Drawings by Herbert Bayer in the stairway of the
main building of the Bauhaus Weimar.
Made for the first Bauhaus Exhibition in
1923.
 Bauhaus Tea Infuser
Designed in 1924 by Marianne Brandt, the Bauhaus
tea infuser has a built-in strainer, non-drip spout, and
heat-resistant handle made of ebony, embracing the
school's principals of combiningfunctionality and
aesthetic.

Barcelona Chair
Designed in 1929 by future Bauhaus head Ludwig
Mies van der Rohe and partner Lily Reich, the gentle,
swooping lines Barcelona chair served as a precursor
of what was to come with the mid-century modern
furniture movement
Marcel Breuer chair, one of the very
first tubular steel chairs, designed in
1925.
 LEGACY

•Today, Bauhaus is often credited as the catalyst for modern

architecture and furniture and as an important influence on mid-
20th century painting and sculpture.
• Some Bauhaus buildings—including Bauhaus Dessau, a
UNESCO World Heritage Site—have been turned into tourist
destinations and house museums, while many major modern art
museums incorporate Bauhaus works of art into their permanent
displays and popular exhibitions.