INTERNAL COMBUSION

ENGINES (1)

Prof. Sayed Ibrahim Abdel-Mageed

Professor of Heat Engines and Combustion
 Chapter - 8
TWO STROKE ENGINES
 Two Stroke Engine

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1- Introduction:
A two-stroke, two-cycle, or two-cycle engine is a type of
internal combustion engine which completes a power
cycle in only one crankshaft revolution and with two
strokes, or up and down movements, of the piston in
comparison to a "four-stroke engine", which uses four
strokes to do so.
Two-stroke engines often provide high power-to-weight
ratio, and if it compared to 4-stroke engines, they have a
greatly reduced number of moving parts, are more
compact and significantly lighter.

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2- Advantages of the two stroke engine
Power to weight ratio is higher than the four
stroke engine since there is one power stroke
per crank shaft revolution.
No valves or camshaft, just ports
Most often used for low cost, small engine
applications such as lawn mowers, marine
outboard engines, motorcycles….

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3- Disadvantages of the two-stroke engine
1. Incomplete scavenging
2. limits power
3. Fuel-air “short circuiting”
4. low fuel efficiency
5. Burns oil mixed in with the fuel
6. high HC emission

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4- Traditional two-stroke SI engine

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5- Scavenging in Two-Stroke Engine

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5-i Scavenging Methods

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a- Cross-flow-scavenged
In a cross-flow engine, the transfer and exhaust ports are on
opposite sides of the cylinder, and a deflector on the top of
the piston directs the fresh intake charge into the upper
part of the cylinder, pushing the residual exhaust gas down
the other side of the deflector and out the exhaust port.

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b- Loop-scavenged
This method of scavenging uses carefully shaped and positioned transfer
ports to direct the flow of fresh mixture toward the combustion chamber
as it enters the cylinder. The fuel/air mixture strikes the cylinder head,
then follows the curvature of the combustion chamber, and then is
deflected downward.

The Two-stroke cycle

1=TDC
2=BDC
A: intake/scavenging
B: Exhaust
C: Compression
D: Expansion(power)

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 c- Uniflow-scavenged
In a uniflow engine, the mixture, or air in the case of a diesel, enters at
one end of the cylinder controlled by the piston and the exhaust exits at
the other end controlled by an exhaust valve or piston. The scavenging
gas-flow is therefore in one direction only, hence the name uniflow.

The Uniflow Two-stroke cycle

1=TDCdg
2=Bbb
A: Intake(effective scavenging ≈140°-250°)
B: Exhaust
C: Compression
D: Expansion(power)

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