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Created by Aditya Singh, 12 A, Ramjas School
Created by Aditya Singh, 12 A, Ramjas School
1. Electric Field
2. Electric Field Intensity or Electric Field Strength
3. Electric Field Intensity due to a Point Charge
4. Superposition Principle
5. Electric Lines of Force
i) Due to a Point Charge
ii) Due to a Dipole
iii) Due to a Equal and Like Charges
iv) Due to a Uniform Field
6. Properties of Electric Lines of Force
7. Electric Dipole
F F
1 q
Lt F F or E= r
E= or E= r
∆q → 0 ∆q q0 4πε0 2
E
1 q
or E (r) = r
4πε0 r 2
1 q
E (r) = ( xi + y j + z k )
4πε0 ( x2 + y2 + z2 ) 3/2
F14
Superposition Principle:
The electrostatic force experienced by a - q5
charge due to other charges is the vector + q1
+ q2
sum of electrostatic forces due to these F15
other charges as if they are existing
individually.
F12
F13
F1 = F12 + F13 + F14 + F15 + q4 - q3
N
1 ra - rb
Fa (ra) = ∑ qa qb F12
4πε0 F1
b=1 │ ra - rb │3
b≠a
F15
In the present example, a = 1 and b = 2 to 5. F13
If the force is to be found on 2nd charge, F14
then a = 2 and b = 1 and 3 to 5.
Note:
The interactions must be on the charge which is to be studied due to other
charges.
The charge on which the influence due to other charges is to be found is
assumed to be floating charge and others are rigidly fixed.
For eg. 1st charge (floating) is repelled away by q2 and q4 and attracted towards
q3 and q5.
The interactions between the other charges (among themselves) must be
ignored. i.e. F23, F24, F25, F34, F35 and F45 are ignored.
Superposition principle holds good for electric field also.
E
Electric Lines of Force
1. Electric Lines of Force due to a Point Charge:
a) Representation
of electric field
in terms of
field vectors:
The size of the
arrow
represents the
strength of
electric field.
q>0 q<0
b) Representation
of electric field
in terms of
field lines
(Easy way of
drawing)
2. Electric Lines of Force due to a 3. Electric Lines of Force due to a
pair of Equal and Unlike Charges: pair of Equal and Like
(Dipole) Charges:
+q P +q
E
.N
+q
-q
E E
+ -
+ - -
+ Solid or hollow + -
- +
+ conductor - (Electrostatic Shielding)
- +
+ - No Field -
+ -
+
+ -
Note:
An ideal dipole is the dipole in which the charge becomes larger and larger
and the separation becomes smaller and smaller.