HAYAT MEDICAL COLLEGE

Department of Nursing
Course: Human Anatomy And Physiology One
CHAPTER TWO
The Muscular System
Lecturer: Dr. Abdikadir Saleiman Tukale, MBBS
HOSPITAL DIRECTOR
HAYAT HOSPITAL ,GALKACAYO,PUTLAND, SOMALIA

LECTURE: 5
HAYAT MEDICAL COLLEGE
December 31, 202 Dr. Abdikadir Saleiman Tukale 1
0
 Did you know that ?
morethan 50% of body weight is muscle !
And muscle is made up of proteins and water

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2 December 31, 2020
Abdikadir Saleiman Tukale
3

 There are four characteristics associated with

muscle tissue:
 Excitability: tissue can receive & respond to
stimulation
 Contractility: tissue can shorten & thicken
 Extensibility: tissue can lengthen
 Elasticity: after contracting or lengthening, tissue
always wants to return to its resting state
HAYAT MEDICAL COLLEGE Dr.
December 31, 2020
Abdikadir Saleiman Tukale
 Functions of muscular system
4

 The characteristics of muscle tissue enable it to

perform some important functions, including:
 Movement – both voluntary & involuntary
 Maintaining posture
 Supporting soft tissues within body cavities
 Guarding entrances & exits of the body
 Maintaining body temperature

HAYAT MEDICAL COLLEGE Dr.

December 31, 2020
Abdikadir Saleiman Tukale
 Types of muscles
5

 Types of muscle tissue:

1) Skeletal
2) Cardiac
3) Smooth (Visceral)

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December 31, 2020
Abdikadir Saleiman Tukale
 Skeletal muscle tissue
6

 Associated with & attached to the skeleton

 Under our conscious (voluntary) control
 Microscopically the tissue appears striated
 Cells are long, cylindrical & multinucleate

HAYAT MEDICAL COLLEGE Dr.

December 31, 2020
Abdikadir Saleiman Tukale
 Cardiac muscle tissue
7

 Makes up myocardium of heart

 Unconsciously (involuntarily) controlled
 Microscopically appears striated
 Cells are short, branching & have a single nucleus
 Cells connect to each other at intercalated discs

HAYAT MEDICAL COLLEGE Dr.

December 31, 2020
Abdikadir Saleiman Tukale
 Smooth (visceral) muscle tissue
8

Makes up walls of organs & blood vessels

 Tissue is non-striated & involuntary
 Cells are short, spindle-shaped & have a
single nucleus
 Tissue is extremely extensible, while still
retaining ability to contract

HAYAT MEDICAL COLLEGE Dr.

December 31, 2020
Abdikadir Saleiman Tukale
 THE MAJOR SKELETAL MUSCLES
9

 Deltoid  Latissimus dorsi

 Biceps  Trapezius
 Abdominals  Triceps
 ( 4 muscles)  Gluteals (3
 Quadriceps muscles)
 (4 muscles)  Hamstrings (3
 Pectorals muscles)
 Gastrocnemius

HAYAT MEDICAL COLLEGE Dr.

December 31, 2020
Abdikadir Saleiman Tukale
 Head and Neck Muscles

Figure 6.14
HAYAT MEDICAL COLLEGE Dr.
10 December 31, 2020
Abdikadir
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Saleiman
Inc. publishing Tukale
as Benjamin Cummings Slide 6.38
 Trunk Muscles

Figure 6.15 MEDICAL COLLEGE

HAYAT Dr.
11 December 31, 2020
Abdikadir
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Saleiman
Inc. publishing Tukale
as Benjamin Cummings Slide 6.39
 Deep Trunk and Arm Muscles

Figure 6.16
HAYAT MEDICAL COLLEGE Dr.
12 December 31, 2020
Abdikadir Saleiman Tukale Slide 6.40
 Muscles of the Pelvis, Hip, and Thigh

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Figure 6.18c Dr.
13 December 31, 2020
Abdikadir Saleiman Tukale Slide 6.41
 Muscles of the Lower Leg

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Figure 6.19 Dr.
14 December 31, 2020
Abdikadir
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Saleiman
Inc. publishing Tukale
as Benjamin Cummings Slide 6.42
 Superficial Muscles: Anterior

HAYAT MEDICAL COLLEGE Figure 6.20 Dr.

15 December 31, 2020
Abdikadir
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Saleiman
Inc. publishing Tukale
as Benjamin Cummings Slide 6.43
 Superficial Muscles: Posterior

HAYAT MEDICAL COLLEGE Figure 6.21 Dr.

16 December 31, 2020
Abdikadir
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Saleiman
Inc. publishing Tukale
as Benjamin Cummings Slide 6.44
 Muscle structure
17
 Fascia – connective tissue
around muscle, becomes the
tendon
 Origin – on stationary bone
 Insertion – on the moveable
bone
 Fascicle – bundle of muscle
fibers
 Muscle fiber – muscle cell
 Myofibril – made of
sarcomeres (in-between two Z
bands)
 Myo-filaments – actin and
myosin
 MUSCLE STRUCTURE

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18 December 31, 2020
Abdikadir Saleiman Tukale
 Characteristics of Muscles
19
Tissue!
 Muscle tissue is endowed with some special
functional properties that enable it to perform its
duties
 Excitability (responsiveness)
 Contractility
 Extensibility
 Elasticity

HAYAT MEDICAL COLLEGE Dr.

December 31, 2020
Abdikadir Saleiman Tukale
 MUSCLE CONTRACTION
20

 contraction:
shortening of
sarcomere
between Z –
lines

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December 31, 2020
Abdikadir Saleiman Tukale
 MUSCLE CONTRACTION
21

 Myosin “ heads”
walk along the
actin (shortens sarcomere)
 Movement of

myosin requires
ATP

HAYAT MEDICAL COLLEGE Dr.

December 31, 2020
Abdikadir Saleiman Tukale
 About our Muscles
22

 There are more than 640 muscles and they hardly

ever work alone.
 Muscles can get shorter and pull, but they can’t
push

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December 31, 2020
Abdikadir Saleiman Tukale
 About our Muscles
23

 Most muscles are arranged in opposing teams

 1 team pulls the body part 1 way and the other team
pulls it back again
 (Abduction and adduction)

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December 31, 2020
Abdikadir Saleiman Tukale
 Vocabulary
24

 Abduction- pulls  Voluntary- can be

away controlled by thoughts
 Adduction- pulls in the brain
toward you  Involuntary-
automatically
controlled by brain

HAYAT MEDICAL COLLEGE Dr.

December 31, 2020
Abdikadir Saleiman Tukale
 Skeletal Muscle: Nerve
25 and Blood Supply
 Each muscle is served by one nerve, an artery, and
one or more veins
 Muscles are rich in arteries and veins to carry fuel
and oxygen to the muscles and and veins to carry
waste products and carbon dioxide away.
 Each skeletal muscle fiber is supplied with a nerve
ending that controls contraction

HAYAT MEDICAL COLLEGE Dr.

December 31, 2020
Abdikadir Saleiman Tukale
 Skeletal Muscle
26

 Each muscle is a discrete organ composed of muscle

tissue, blood vessels, nerve fibers, and connective
tissue
 Please familiarize yourself with the Table on pg
282…The Organizational level of skeletal muscles.
 The Muscle (organ), Fascile (a portion of the
muscle), Muscle fiber (cell), Myofibril or fibril
(complex organelle), Sacromere (segment of a
myofibril), and myofilament or filament. We will
discuss this in more detail in a few slides.

HAYAT MEDICAL COLLEGE Dr.

December 31, 2020
Abdikadir Saleiman Tukale
 Skeletal Muscle
27

 The three connective tissue sheaths are:

 Endomysium – fine sheath of connective tissue composed
of reticular fibers surrounding each muscle fiber
 Perimysium – fibrous connective tissue that surrounds
groups of muscle fibers called fascicles
 Epimysium – an overcoat of dense regular connective
tissue that surrounds the entire muscle

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December 31, 2020
Abdikadir Saleiman Tukale
 Skeletal Muscle
28

 surrounds the entire muscle

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December 31, 2020
Abdikadir Saleiman Tukale
 Skeletal Muscle
29

 An individual skeletal  This connective tissue

muscle is separated surrounds each muscle
from adjacent muscles and may project
and held in position by beyond the end of its
layers of dense muscle fibers to form
connective tissue a cordlike tendon.
called fascia.

HAYAT MEDICAL COLLEGE Dr.

December 31, 2020
Abdikadir Saleiman Tukale
 Skeletal Muscle:
30 Attachments
 Most skeletal muscles span joints and are attached
to bone in at least two places
 When muscles contract the movable bone, the
muscle’s insertion moves toward the immovable
bone, the muscle’s origin.

HAYAT MEDICAL COLLEGE Dr.

December 31, 2020
Abdikadir Saleiman Tukale
 Skeletal Muscle:
31 Attachments
 Muscles attach:
 Directly – epimysium of the muscle is fused to the
periosteum of a bone
 Indirectly – connective tissue wrappings extend
beyond the muscle as a tendon or aponeurosis.
 Of the two indirectly is much more common because
of the durability of tendons.

HAYAT MEDICAL COLLEGE Dr.

December 31, 2020
Abdikadir Saleiman Tukale