Enthalpy change

of Solution, ∆Hө sol

Enthalpy change of solution-
The definitions
 ∆Hө latt=Energy change when 1 mole of
gaseous ions forms an ionic solid.
 ∆Hө hyd = Energy change when 1 mole of
gaseous ions dissolves to give an infinitely
dilute solution.
 ∆Hө sol= Energy change when 1 mole of an
ionic solid dissolves to give an infinitely dilute
solution.
So... ∆Hө latt
Gaseous
Ionic
ions
solid

∆Hө hyd ∆Hө sol

Ionic
solution
 Enthalpy change of solution-
How they relate
 Latticeenthalpy is highly exothermic bonds are made not
broken when the lattice forms.
 Therefore, dissolving a lattice is highly endothermic, bonds
must be broken
 This energy to break the bonds comes from- ∆H ө hyd which is
exothermic as new ion-dipole bonds form with water molecules
 The difference between ∆Hө hyd and ∆Hө latt is ∆Hө sol can be
exothermic or endothermic.
Enthalpy change of solution-
Calculating
Born-Haber Cycles
- Sort these terms into a Hess’ cycle: Ca2+(g) + 2Cl-(g),
∆Hө hyd, ∆Hөsol, ∆Hөlatt, Ca2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq), CaCl2(s)

- Now calculate
∆Hөlatt= -2258kJmol-1
∆Hөhyd(Ca2+)= -1650kJmol-1
∆Hөhyd(Cl-)= -364kJmol-1