Overhead Transmission Line Solution

Capacity Upgrading

Conductor Solution

Performance
Capacity Upgrading
Increase in demand for electricity is a big issue of the day
in many countries.

Simple
Problems
Solution

• UNEXPECTED GROWTH in electricity

consumption due to economic expansion
(commercial, industrial & residential)
Uprating
• Too difficult to acquire RIGHT-OF-WAY of existing lines with
• NOT ENOUGH TIME to built new lines HTLS Conductor
• LIMITED COST to build new lines Low Loss Conductor
• SOCIAL OBJECTION to build new lines

2 Page
 Capacity Upgrading
Uprating
of Existing Lines

Increase Use of High Temperature

- Size of conductor =
existing towers Conductor
- No. of conductor
per phase
Ground
clearance ?
enough not enough
Modification
& Reinforcement
of High Temperature High Temperature
existing towers Conductor Low Sag Conductor

Construction Material
Innovation Innovation

ACSR
LL-TACSR LSCC*
AAAC

3 Page
* LSCC is Low Sag Composite-core Conductor
Capacity Upgrading
Core Aluminum

ACSR
HAL 90oC =
LL-ACSR
Conductor ST / AS +
High Temp.
TAL 150oC = LL-TACSR Conductor
( x 1.5 ACSR )

High Temp.
Composite Annealed 180 C
o
= LSCC Low Sag conductor
Core AL ( x 2.0 ACSR )

4 Page
HTLS Conductor
LSCC

1 UPRATING : X 2 ACSR

Reduced Total Cost

2
• Composite than building new transmission line
Core
Full Compatibility
3 for New T/L & Replacement PJT

• Annealed aluminum 4 Reduced Power Loss about 20%

(1350-O temper)

The same Installation Method

5 to conventional ACSR

Need the bigger sheave diameter

66 to conventional ACSR

5 Page
HTLS Conductor
LSCC
Carbon Fiber Composite

Aluminum Layer
• Galvanic Protection Barrier
• Protection of Core from Mechanical Force
• Increase Current Carrying Capacity
• Decrease Resistance (Low Loss)

Glass Fiber Layer

• Galvanic Protection Barrier

Trapezoid
Annealed Aluminum
LSCC ACCC

Materials LSCC ACCC

Hybrid Polymer & Metal Polymer

Composite Core Composite Core Composite Core
(ASTM B987) (ASTM B987)
Annealed Aluminum Annealed Aluminum
Conductor
(ASTM B609) (ASTM B609)

6 Page
HTLS Conductor
Patent LSCC

[ LSCC's patent was registered in Korea and applied for various countries
around the world including Vietnam. ]

7 Page
HTLS Conductor
Annealed Aluminum LSCC

[ Annealed Aluminum wire reduces tensile strength, but markedly improves conductivity
and operates at temperatures higher than 250℃ without any change in mechanical properties. ]
Electrical and mechanical Properties of Al wire Physical Properties

Annealed AL
(C=63%) Description HAL TAL ZTAL Annealed

ZTAL Density (g/cm3) 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7

250 (C=60%)

Conductivity (%IACS) 61 60 60 63
210
200 Tensile Strength 16.2 16.2 16.2 6.1
TAL (kgf/mm2) ~ 17.9 ~ 17.9 ~ 17.9 ~ 9.7
(C=60%)
tion
era re

Allowable Temp.
tu

150 90 150 210 250

)

(oC)
Con mpera
(℃

C(% IACS)
op
t.
e

HAL 60 Uprating x 1.0 x 1.5 x 2.0 x 2.5

T

(C=61%)
90 50
Conductor ACSR TACSR ZTACIR LSCC
10 20 30
* HAL : Hard-drawn Aluminum wire
Tensile strength * TAL : Thermal-resistant Aluminum-alloy wire
(kgf/mm2) * ZTAL : Super Thermal-resistant Aluminum-alloy Wire
* Annealed : Annealed Aluminum (1350-O temper)

8 Page
HTLS Conductor
Composite core LSCC

[ Low thermal expansion coefficient and light weight of Carbon fiber composite
achieve the Low Sag at max. operation high temperature (180 oC). ]
Thermal Expansion Physical Properties

30 Galvanized Galvanized Al clad

Description C.C*)
steel invar invar

Density (g/cm3) 7.8 8.0 7.1 1.63

Thermal Expansion [x10-4]

20 Conductivity
8 8 14 -
(%IACS)

Tensile Strength
125 105 110 256
(kgf/mm2)

10 Thermal 1.0 x 10-6

Expansion 11.5 x 10 -6
3.6 x 10 -6
3.7 x 10 -6
(x 1/11
x1/11 (1/℃) ST)

fiber
Carbon e Conductor ACSR ZTACIR ZTACIR/AW LSCC
sit
compo
0 100 200 300 * C.C : Carbon fiber composite
Temperature [℃]

9 Page
 HTLS Conductor Upgrading 220kV Hoa Binh - Ha Dong T/L

Comparison sheet LSCC

Description Unit ACCC 510 LSCC 510 Remark

Cross-section view - `

Al - 23 / TW (1350-O temper)
Structure &
Nos./mm 1 / 8.76 1/10.90
material Core (Composite core) (Composite core)
Al 507.5 510.2
59.45
Cross-section Core mm2 60.3
(Carbon fiber composite)
Total 567.8 569.7
Nominal diameter mm 27.72 (100%) 27.70 (100%) Same diameter
Nominal weight kg/km 1,519.3 (100%) 1,500 (99%) Lighter Weight
Ultimate tensile Core > 130.2 (100%) 151.7 (117%)
kN Higher Tensile strength
strength (UTS), min. Conductor > 158.7 (100%) 179.3 (113%)
Allowable temperature, max. o
C 180 180
DC @ 20oC 0.0553 (100%) 0.0548 (99%)
Electrical
AC @ 75oC ohm/km 0.0683 (100%) 0.0676 (99%) Lower Electric Power Loss
resistance
AC @ 180oC 0.0914 (100%) 0.0905 (99%)

10 Page
HTLS Conductor
Reliability LSCC
[ Composite core characteristics was proved through various physical and mechanical tests ]
No. Test List

1 Tensile test

2 Glass transition temperature

3 Density

4 Dimension

Heat exposure : Long term test (8,740

5
hours)

6 Heat/Stress test (1,000 hours)

7 Bending test

8 Dye penetrant after bending

9 Tensile test after bending

10 Galvanic protection barrier layer thickness

11 Brittle fracture and corrosion test

11 Page
HTLS Conductor
Reliability LSCC
[ LSCC reliability was confirmed through various electrical and mechanical tests ]
No. Test List

1 DC Resistance Test

2 Breaking Strength Test

3 Stress-strain Test

4 Creep Test

5 Coefficient of Linear Expansion Test

6 Sag-Tension & Ampacity Test

7 Aeolian Vibration Test

8 Galloping Test

9 Corrosion Test

10 Torsional Ductility Test

11 Sheave Test

12 Radial Crush Test

12 Page
HTLS Conductor
Reliability LSCC

[Sag and Tension graph]

13 Page
HTLS Conductor
Reliability LSCC

[Current graph]

14 Page
HTLS Conductor
Reliability LSCC

[Conductor samples in salt-spray chamber]

[Test results]
After corrosion 1000hr.
1) No signification signs of Pitting,
corrosion or deterioration on
any component.
2) No signification degradation
in mechanical properties of
any component

[Cross-sectional condition after salt-spray exposure]

15 Page
HTLS Conductor
Reliability LSCC

16 Page
HTLS Conductor
Fitting & Accessory LSCC

[ Appropriate design is needed to accommodate both the reduction of

current heating and enhancement of heat radiation of clamp. ]
Description ACSR LSCC

Tension Clamp Standard Larger Volume

with Jumper terminal (Compression, Wedge, Bolted) (Compression type only)

Mid Span Joint

Standard Larger Volume
& Repair Sleeve

Standard
Suspension clamp Standard
(Armor grip type is recommended.)

Standard
Bundle spacer Standard
(with amour rods)

Standard
Vibration damper Standard
(with amour rods)

Insulator Standard Standard

Temperatures of Fittings & Accessories are equivalent to those of ACSR.

1717| ofPage
30
HTLS Conductor
Fitting & Accessory LSCC

[ Compression hardware fittings of LSCC are same

ACCC
that of the conventional ACSR
LSCC
]
• [Step1] Slide Inner sleeve & Al clamp • [Step1] Compress core clamp

• [Step2] Slide collet housing → Insert collet

• [Step 2] Compress Al clamp

• [Step3] Install eyebolt → Tightening eyebolt

• [Step4] Insert & Compress Inner sleeve and Al clamp

Same Installation Method

as conventional ACSR
(same type of fittings)
18 Page
Special installation method (fittings)
HTLS Conductor
Fitting & Accessory LSCC

[ Compression Deadend Assembly

]
Steel clamp

Deadend Body

Jumper terminal

19 Page
HTLS Conductor
Fitting & Accessory LSCC

[ Compression Sleeve Assembly

]

Compression sleeve Body

Steel sleeve

20 Page
HTLS Conductor
Fitting & Accessory LSCC

[ Suspension Clamp Assembly

]
Elastomer Suspension clamp body

Armor rod

21 Page
HTLS Conductor
Reliability of fittings LSCC

[Drawing of Deadend clamp]

[Tensile load test with LSCC]

The compatibility between LSCC and Deadend clamp is successfully completed through type test.
22 Page
HTLS Conductor
Reliability of fittings LSCC

[Drawing of Mid span Joint]

[Tensile load test with LSCC]

The compatibility between LSCC and Mid span Joint is successfully completed through type test.
23 Page
HTLS Conductor
Certification of work LSCC

24 Page
 Low Loss Conductor
LL-TACSR

1 UPRATING : X 1.5 ACSR

Reduced Power Loss about 10~15%

2 Reduced CO2 emission
• AS

3 Reduced Total Cost

• TAL(TW) 4 New T/L Project

Easy Installation
5 with the same Method /Equipment as ACSR

No limitation for application area

6 : Heavy wind & snow, galloping area

* AS means high tensile strength aluminum-clad steel wire.

* TAL(TW) means trapezoid thermal resistant aluminum alloy. 25 Page
Low Loss Conductor
Introduction LL-TACSR
Conventional conductor Low Loss Conductor
(ACSR) (LL-TACSR/AS)

High Tensile Strength

Zinc-coated Steel Wire Aluminum-clad Steel Wire
: IEC Std. 60888 (14%IACS or 20.3%IACS)
: IEC Std. 61232

Round Hard-drawn Trapezoid Thermal-resistant

Aluminum Wire (HAL) Aluminum-alloy Wire (TAL)
: IEC Std. 60889 : IEC Std. 62004

Low Loss Conductor Materials Low Loss Conductor Advantage

∙ High Tensile Strength Aluminum-clad Steel
- Tensile Strength : 1,770MPa based on 14%IACS
(Zinc-coated Steel : 1,340MPa)
- Anti-corrosion with aluminum cladding
∙ Trapezoid Thermal-resistant Aluminum-alloy
- Trapezoid design makes more aluminum cross-
section with same diameter → Become Low Loss
- Current capacity is more than 1.5times of ACSR
∙ Transmission Loss is reduced about 10%~15%.
∙ Transmission line capacity is increased more
than 1.5times of conventional ACSR conductor.
∙ Reduced CO2 emission
∙ Conventional installation procedure can be used.
∙ The expected lift time of Low Loss Conductor is
longer than that of conventional ACSR conductor .

26 Page
Low Loss Conductor

Experience
Description Requirement
AEP / CHINA TPC / TAIWAN

≥ 5 years (manufacturing)
Experience Year of supply : 2007 Year of supply : 2009
≥ 2 year (Operating)

LL-TACSR GZTACSR 370mm2 STACIR/AW/TW 210mm2

Cross section 1. Super thermal-resitant

aluminum-alloy wire

view
2. Super thermal-resitant
aluminum-alloy wire
Super thermal-resistant
aluminum-alloy wire 3. Aluminum-clad invar wire

Extra high tensile strength

galvanized steel wire
(Est)

Trapezoid shaped thermal Trapezoid shaped super thermal Trapezoid shaped super thermal
resistant aluminum wire resistant aluminum wire (210 oC) resistant aluminum wire (210 oC)
Al
(150oC)
Constr
uction
Extra High strength Extra High strength galvanized steel Invar Wire (36% Ni-Ferrous Alloy)
Core aluminum clad steel wire wire (EST)

27 Page
Low Loss Conductor
Certification of work

28 Page
 HTLS Conductor Upgrading 230kV T/L

Comparison sheet LL-TACSR

ACSR LL-TACSR/AW
Description Unit Remark
“Curlew” 680mm2

Cross-section view -

16/TW(4.90) TAL
Structure & Al 54/3.513 HAL 12/TW(4.95) TAL
Nos./mm
material 8/TW(4.80) TAL
Core 7/3.513 ST 7/2.8 AW (14%IACS)
Anti-corrosion - Grease Aluminum-clad Longer life time
Al 523.7 677.9
Cross-
Core mm2 67.6 43.11
section
Total 591.3 (100%) 721.0 (122%) Higher cross-section
Nominal diameter mm 31.62 (100%) 31.60 (100%) with same diameter
Nominal weight kg/km 1,980 (100%) 2,189 (111%)
Ultimate tensile strength (UTS),
kN 162.8 (100%) 165.9 (102%) High strength
min.
Allowable temperature, max. o
C 90 150
DC @ 20oC 0.0552 (100%) 0.0430 (78%)
Electrical
AC @ 90oC ohm/km 0.0739 (100%) 0.0578 (78%) Low electrical loss
resistance
AC @ 150oC - 0.0688 (93%)
29 Page
HTLS Conductor
Reliability LL-TACSR

[ Type tests for LL-TACSR were successfully completed

based on the International Standards by 3rd Party Laboratories. ]

30 Page
HTLS Conductor Supply Record

23,934km
(14,872miles)

Asia
Country Conductor Quantity
KWT GSTACSR 7,942 km 4,935 miles
KOR STACIR 5,302 km 3,295 miles
KOR LSCC 2 km 1.3 miles
KOR LSCC 4 km 2.5 miles
IND STACIR 2,825 km 1,755 miles
IND LSCC 14 km 8.75 miles
SAU STACIR 2,560 km 1,591 miles
CHN STACIR 1,265 km 786 miles
MYS STACIR 749 km 465 miles
TWN STACIR 714 km 444 miles
SAU GSTACSR 496 km 308 miles
VNM GSTACSR 336 km 209 miles
TWN LSCC 107 km 66.5 miles
IDN LSCC 1.2 km 0.7 miles
... ... ...
...

Total 23,934 km 14,872 miles

31 31| ofPage
30
HTLS Conductor Supply Record

31,528km
(19,591miles)

Europe & Africa

Country Conductor Quantity
EGY STACIR 4,435 km 2,756 miles
ITA STACIR 2,534 km 1,575 miles
GBR STACIR 317 km 197 miles
ZMB STACIR 290 km 180 miles
ESP STACIR 18 km 11 miles
Total 7,594 km 4,719 miles

32 32| ofPage
30
HTLS Conductor Supply Record

33,107km
(20,572miles)

America
Country Conductor Quantity
PRY GSTACSR 1,100 km 684 miles
VEN TACSR 180 km 112 miles
MEX GSTACSR 168 km 104 miles
ECU STACIR 100 km 62 miles
USA STACIR 30 km 18.6 miles
CAN STACIR 1.2 km 0.7 miles
Total 1,579 km 981 miles

33 33| ofPage
30
34 Page
Thank you for your attention!

35 Page