CLASSIFICATION &

CHARACTERISTICS OF
HUMAN S
 Characteristics of Humans
• A large well-developed brain
• Bipedal Locomotion
• An Opposable Thumb
• Well developed vocal structures
• Stereoscopic vision
An opposable thumb enables a prehensile
grip, which is characteristic of primates.
 BODY ORGANIZATION

•Cellular Level
•Tissue Level
•Organ Level
•System Level
 LEVEL OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION

Atom
Molecule Organism

Macromolecule

Organelle

Organ
System

Cell

Tissue
Increasing Complexity
Developmental changes from childhood to adulthoo
Anatomical Nomenclature

Planes of Reference
Frontal
Sagittal
Transverse

Descriptive Terminology
Anatomical Position
Directional Terms
Clinical Procedures
 PLANES OF REFERENCE
Frontal (Coronal) Plane:
Is a vertical and extends from one side
of the body to the other. It divides the
body into front and back sections
(anterior & posterior)

Sagittal (Medial) Plane:

Is vertical and extends from the front of
the body to the back. It divides the
body into right & left sections.

Transverse
(Horizontal/cross-sectional) Plane:
Is horizontal and divides the body into
upper and lower segments(superior &
inferior).
 Descriptive Terminology
ANATOMICAL POSITION

• In anatomical position body is erect,

feets are parallel to each other & flat on
floor, the eyes are directed forward, and
the arms are at the side of body with the
palms of the hand turned forward and
fingers. pointed straight down
ANATOMICAL POSITION
Right & Left sides of Body
DIRECTIONAL TERMS
DIRECTIONAL TERMS FOR THE HUMAN
BODY
 Clinical Procedures
• Inspection
• Palpation
• Percussion
• Auscultation
• Reflex Testing
SINGULAR & PLURAL FORMS OF BODY TERMINOLOG
 BODY REGIONS
1.HEAD
1. The cranial region encompasses the upper part of the head while the
2. facial region encompasses the lower half of the head beginning below the ears.
• The eyes are referred to as the ocular region.
• The cheeks are referred to as the buccal region.
• The ears are referred to as the auricle or otic region.
• The nose is referred to as the nasal region.
• The chin is referred to as the mental region.

2.NECK The neck is referred to as the cervical region

3.TRUNK
I. Thorax
• the thoracic region encompassing the chest
• the mammary region encompassing each breast
• Between mammary region is the sternal region
• Armpit surrounding area is called axillary region
• Vertebral region extends the length of the back, following vertebral column

II. Abdomen

• the coxal region encompassing the belt line

• The umbilicus, or naval, is located at the center of the abdomen
I. Pelvic
• the pubic region surrounding the genitals,
• Perineum is the region containing external sex organs & anal opening
• Lumbar region is the center of the back side of the abdomen
• Sacral region is located furthur down,at point where vertebral column terminates
• Hip muscles form the buttock or gluteal region.

•Upper Extremity
The upper extremity is anatomically divided into the shoulder, brachium (bra'ke-um) (arm), antebrachium
(forearm), and manus (hand)
The shoulder is the region between the pectoral girdle and the brachium that contains the shoulder joint. The
shoulder is also referred to as the omos, or deltoid region.
The cubital region is the area between the arm and forearm that contains the elbow joint. The cubital fossa is
the depressed anterior portion of the cubital region. It is an important site for intravenous injections or the
withdrawal of
blood.
The manus has three principal divisions:
the carpus, containing
the carpal bones the metacarpus, containing the metacarpal bones;
and the five digits (commonly called fingers), containing the phalanges.
The front of the hand is referred to as the palmar region (palm) and the back of the hand is called the dorsum
of the hand.
• Lower Extremity
The lower extremity consists of the hip, thigh, knee, leg, and pes (foot).
The thigh is commonly called the upper leg, or femoral region.
The knee has two surfaces: the front surface is the patellar region, or kneecap; the
back of the knee is called the popliteal (pop''lı˘-te'al) fossa.
The leg has anterior and posterior crural regions
The shin is a prominent bony ridge extending longitudinally along the anterior crural
region, and the calf is the thickened muscular mass of the posterior crural region.
The pes has three principal divisions:
I. the tarsus, containing the tarsal bones
II. the metatarsus, containing the metatarsal bones
III. and the five digits (commonly called toes), Containing the phalanges. The ankle is
the junction between the leg and the foot.
The heel is the back of the foot and the sole of the foot is referred to as the plantar
surface.
The dorsum of the foot is the top surface.
 Body Regions
a)Anterior View b) Posterior View
BODY CAVITIES
Body membranes