GOOD AFTERNOON!

ARTHUR HOLMES

British geologist

(1929) Theory of Convection

Convection is a process in which

hot materials float because of its
low density and cold materials sink
due to its high density.
TYPES OF PLATE BOUNDARIES
 DIVERGENT BOUNDARIES

Is a place where two plates move away from each other.

 Most divergent boundaries are found at the seafloor as the one at the
bottom of the Red Sea.
 CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES

Destructive plate boundary; is a place where two tectonic plates move

toward each other.

Three Types:
• Oceanic to oceanic plate convergent boundary
It occurs when two oceanic
plates collide with one plate thrust
each other, forming a subduction
zone.
It forms a line volcanic islands
called island arc or oceanic
volcanic arc.
• Oceanic to continental plate convergent boundary

It forms a subduction zone as

the denser oceanic crust is pushed
beneath the continental crust.

This process forms an ocean

trench as well as volcanic arc or
continental volcanic arc.

Also known to generate large

magnitude earthquakes.
• Continental to continental plate convergent boundary

Both plates are less dense, so no

subduction occurs. Instead the
plates crash into each other and
squeezes the crust with impact.

This process forms mountains.

HIMALAYAS
 TRANSFORM BOUNDARIES

It is formed when two plates slide past each other.

In a transform boundary, the

crust is deformed or fractured. It is
characterized by long faults that
extend to hundreds of kilometers.
SAN ANDREAS FAULT in California,