Water Supply Egineering

Chapter - 1
Water Supply Engineering Week-15
• ANALYSIS OF DISTRIBUTION MAINS
• PIPE NETWORK GEOMETRY
• ANALYSIS OF BRANCHED NETWORKS
• ANALYSIS OF LOOPED NETWORKS
• Hardy Cross Method
ANALYSIS OF DISTRIBUTION MAINS
PIPE NETWORK GEOMETRY
ANALYSIS OF BRANCHED NETWORKS
• A branched network, or a tree network, is a distribution system having no loops.
• Such a network is commonly used for rural water supply.
• The simplest branched network is a
• radial network consisting of several distribution mains emerging out from a common
input point (see Fig. 3.7).
 • In a typical branched network (Fig. 3.8),
• the pipe discharges can be obtained by adding the nodal discharges and tracing the
path from tail end to the input point until all the tail ends are covered.
• The nodal heads can be found by proceeding from the input point and adding the
head losses (friction loss and form loss) in each link until a tail end is reached.
• The process has to be repeated until all tail ends are covered.
• Adding the terminal head to the maximum head loss determines the pumping head.

The power consumption will depend on the total discharge

pumped QT given by
 ANALYSIS OF LOOPED NETWORKS
 A pipe network in which there are
one or more closed loops is called a
looped network.
 A typical looped network is shown

in Fig. 3.9. Looped networks are

preferred from the reliability point
of view. If one or more pipelines
are closed for repair, water can still
reach the consumer by a circuitous
route incurring more head loss.