Comformity

and Deviance
KIMVERLY M. RANSAN
JERICO B. ALOBA
MIKI A. RULOMA
SOCIALIZATION,
CONFORMTY,
AND DEVIANCE

DEVIANCE

THE VARIABILITY
OF DEVIANCE

DEVIANCE AND THE

SOCIAL

THEORITICAL
INTERPRETATIONS SOCIAL CONTROL
OF DEVIANCE AND DEVIANCE
• Structural Strain Theory
• Labeling Theory HUMAN DIGNITY, RIGHTS
• Social Control Theory AND THE COMMON GOOD
 Socialization,Conformity,
and Deviance
o Conformity – is the anticipated behavior to
follow when goals, rules and expectations from
society is internalized.
o Deviance – is when an individual choose from
the array of preset goals by the society, which
goals are believed to be achievable given the
available means, and which ones are
achievable using unconventional means
o The social existence of a person is not defined
by the person himself/herself alone. Rather this
set of goals are preset by society through the
various forms and mechanisms of socializatioin
– become a self-embraced goals.
DEVIANCE
• To Sociologists, is defined as behavior that
violates rules and norms – simply more than
nonconformity.
• Deviance is looked at in terms of group
processes, definitions, and judgements,and not
just as unusual individuals or personal acts.
The
Va r i a b i l i t y o f
Deviance
o Sociologists recognize that established rules and
norms are socially created not just morally decided or
individually imposed.
o The study of deviance can divided into:(1) the study of
why people violate laws or norms and (2) the study of
how society reacts to this violation.

o Deviance – “violations of the norm.”

– it cannot be readily and objectively
defined
– quite subjective and require more
contextual standards
 DEVIANCE
AND THE SOCIAL
E xplaination as to the nature of this sociological phenomenon are
useful measures to sketch the three faces of the social – sociology,
anthropology and political science.

Paradigms Basic Assumptions Basis of Interpretation

Structural Deviance promotes unity, Deviance performs important
Functionalism serves as moral compass, functions in the overall operations
and provides opportunities of society. Its obiquity and
where there are none. persistence through time are
testaments to its relevance.
Paradigms Basic Assumptions
Historical Deviance is a result of
Conflict unequal distribution of social
desirables and life chances.
Historically speaking, deviant
individuals and their unique
insights are responsible for
the development of the
society in its moderm forms.
Basis of Interpretation
Deviance, in the form conflicts, is a
form of civic action. It aims to
rectify the unfair and unjust
syndromes of social inequality. It is
justified by the virtue of change it
desires to achieve.
Paradigms Basic Assumptions
Critical Deviance is a result of the
Interpretivism exercise of power. Symbols
and ideas are manipulated
by powerful people in society
in order to protect their
economic and political
interests.
Basis of Interpretation
What are deviant or not are but
standards set by powerful individuls
and institutions. By conforming to
these entities are able to maintain
their privileged positions in society.
Theoretical Interpretations
of Deviance
 Structural Strain Theory
o Robert Merton (1957) offered a “side-by-side”
formulation of conformity and deviance.
o Structural Stain Theory is an extemsion of the
functionalist perspective on deviance.
o This theory traces the origins of deviance to the
tensions that are caused by the gap between
cultural goals and the means people have available
to achieve those goals.
 Structural Strain Theory
o Merton classified people into five general
categories with regards to their relationship to
culturally accepted goals and the means to achieve
these goals
Structural Strain Theory
Merton classified people into five general categories
with regards to their relationship to culturally accepted
goals and the means to achieve these goals

• Conformists – are people who believe in both the established cultural

goals of society, as well as the normative means for attaining those
goals. They follow the rules of society.
• Ritualists – are individuals who do not believe in the established cultural
goals of society, but they do believe in and abide by the means of
attaining those goals.
• Innovators – are those individuals that accept the
cultural goals of society but reject the conventional
methods of attaining wealth. These are generally
those we regard as criminals.
• Retreatists – are individuals who reject both the cultural goals and the
accepted means of attaining those goals. They simply avoid both the
goals and the means established by society without replacing those
norms with their own countercultural forces.
• Rebels – not only reject both the established cultutral goals but the
accepted means of attaining those goals, but they susbstitute new goals
and new means of attaining these goals.
Modes of Adoption Cultural Goals Institutionalized Means

Conformity  
Innovation  
Ritualism  
Retreatism  
Rebellion    
Forms of Deviance in relation to goals and means
LABELING THEORY
• Focuses on a different set of
postulations about deviance
• Begins with the assumption that no
act is intrinsically criminal.
• Deviance is NOT a st of
characteristics of individuals or
groups, rather an outcome of
processes of interaction between
the so-called deviants and
nondeviants and the context in which
criminality is being interpreted.
SOCIAL CONTROL THEORY
• Developed by Travis Hirschi
• A type of functionalist theory
that suggest that deviance
occurs when a person’s or
group’s attachment to social
binds is weakened.
• Accoding to this view, people
care about others think of
them and conform to social
expectations because of their
attachments to others aand what
others expect of them.
 SOCIAL CONTROL & DEVIANCE
• Effective socialization makes conformity an internally-
driven motivation; while the externally-driven conformity
always engaged the mechanisms of social control.

• Society, in this context, exists inside each social actor in

the form of internalized life lessons; and outside each
social actor in the form of social control.
HUMAN DIGNITY, RIGHTS AND THE COMMON GOOD
• One of the dangers of becoming a member of society is one
is forced to adopt and adapt to the standards of that
society – a necessary surrender of some individual rights in
exchange of being a beneficiary of the common good.

• The pursuance of the common good should not be a cause

for the violation of the rights of the individuals
• UDHR (United Nations Universal Declaration of Human
Rights) – outlines the entitlements of all individuals to
human dignity and the rights we posses that are important
elements in pursuing the common good.
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YOU!
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YOU!
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