Threshing: Rice Competitiveness Enhancement Fund

THRESHING
RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

Activities during Harvesting
1. Cutting
• Slicing action using sharp smooth blade
• Slicing to sawing action using rough
serrated blade

2. Windrowing-(Infield Drying)
• In field drying of harvested rice
panicles
• Reduction of MC to reduce risks
of damage in case of threshing /
drying delays
• To sell as “sariwa”

3. Hay Stacking
• To prepare for threshing at threshing
area
• Types of stacking: in bundles
(Talumpok), rectangular piles,
circular piles, others

Mechanical Reaper
• Mechanical Reaper
• Hand tractor mounted
• Cutterbar (scissors)
• Width- 1 to 1.2 m
• Engine- 3-5 Hp
• Forward speed- 2.5-5.5
km/hr
• Weight- 120 -150 kg
• Capacity-2-3 ha/day
• Cost- 80,000-120,00

Preparing the field
• Drain the field well about 10 days before harvest.

• Plan the field pattern to use. Determine the entry
point and exit to next field.

Preparing the field
• Cut manually the area, to the

size of the Header, at the
entry point.
• Cut manually the crop at the
corners and all standing crop
on the field edges that may
not be

Operating the machine
• Check always the machine,

engine and all parts functioning
well. Make a quick test run.
• Make the necessary adjustments
to the machine e.g. power on
engine, height of cut, etc..

• Position the reaper at the starting

point.
• Operate reaper following the
appropriate field pattern.
• Make efficient turning on
corners.

• The cut rice panicles may be

gathered & stacked immediately.
• Build small hay piles to avoid
heating of grains.
• Use underlays for the rice hay
stacks.

Field Pattern

Turning Technique

Rice Thresher
• It is the device use to

separate mature grains
from the rice panicles or
Straw
• It can be either done
Manually or Mechanically
• It is basically the removal of
grains from the plant by
Rubbing action, Impact and
Stripping.

Basic Parts of Rice Thresher
Straw Thrower Threshing Chamber
Feeding Tray
Pulley and Belt

System Air Volume Control
Engine
Support Stand
Engine Base
Pneumatic Tire

Threshing Chamber
Louver

Principles of Operations of Mechanized Thresher
• Power drive- Main Engine usually a Electric Motor

or Diesel Engine
• Threshing Drum- Threshing drum has one or two
cylindrical steel plate
• Threshing tooth-It is attached on the threshing
drum with spiral array. Cutting and pulling force
depends on the threshing tooth mechanism

Principles of Operations of Mechanized Thresher
• Concave-The concave is curved to match the curve of

the cylinder, and serves to hold the grain as it is
beaten
• Fan-has cleaning function for grain, broken straw,
hull etc. by using the wind. It helps to clean the straw
and hull in the threshing room
• Oscillating Screen use to esparte grains and chaff
• Output Chute-Where Grains are collected and are
ready for Bagging

Before Operations
• Position the thresher on a level

area close to the crop stack to
minimize handling and shattering
losses
• Spread cloth, canvas, or mat
underneath the thresher to collect
spilled grain
• Install the cylinder, cover, and
feed tray if dismantled during
field transport
• Position the thresher so that the
straw is thrown with the direction
of the wind
• Check each belt's alignment and
tension
Before Operations
• Check pulley surfaces. Rough

grooves must be smoothened
with a fine file if nicked. Cracked
pulleys should be replaced
immediately
• Open the cover and check all pegs
on the threshing cylinder for
tightness. Loose pegs will
damage the machine and can be
dangerous to the operators

Before Operations
• Examine the peg teeth for

wear. Maximum wear
occurs at the feed end of the
cylinder and is more
prominent at the leading
side in the direction of
rotation

Before Operations
• Lubricate all bearings with

good quality grease
• Check engine oil and fuel levels
• Feed the thresher with the
crop to be threshed for
performance checking.
Increase cylinder speed if
excessive amounts of
unthreshed and unseparated
grain are observed with the
straw
• Note: Optimum threshing and
cleaning is obtained with
cylinder speeds of 600 to 700
rpm
During Operations
• Required 3 to 4 Person, One or two persons to load the feed tray, one
operator who feeds the machine, one person for bagging
• Start the engine
• Load the feed tray with harvested crop with the panicle away from the
operator, so it is fed panicle first into the thresher
• Feed the crop at a uniform rate. Adjust the feed rate to match the condition
of the material. Maintain maximum feeding rate without overloading the
engine

During Operations
• Required 3 to 4 Person, One or

two persons to load the feed tray,
one operator who feeds the
machine, one person for bagging
• Start the engine
• Load the feed tray with harvested
crop with the panicle away from
the operator, so it is fed panicle
first into the thresher
• Feed the crop at a uniform rate.
Adjust the feed rate to match the
condition of the material.
Maintain maximum feeding rate
without overloading the engine

During Operations
• Adjust the cleaner to suit the threshing

conditions
• Adjust blower openings to ensure
sufficient air flow needed for
winnowing
• Adjust the angle of the wind-board.
For dry paddy, the wind-board should
be set at its maximum inclination. For
threshing wet paddy, the inclination of
the wind-board must be reduced
• Note: For threshing dry paddy less air
is needed while for wet paddy a higher
airflow is required

Storage of Thresher
• Clean the machine thoroughly.

• Remove belts and store in a dry place.
• Store the machine in a clean, dry location and cover to
reduce damage from dust accumulation.
• Paint parts that need repainting.
• Clean and apply oil to exposed metal surfaces to prevent
rusting.
• Follow the manufacturer's recommendations on engine
storage

Classes of Thresher
PEGTEETH
WIRELOOP
RASP BAR

Maintenance and Service
• Lubricate cylinder and fan

bearings with a good-quality
general purpose grease
Periodically apply a small
amount of oil to all hinge points
• Inspect the machine regularly for
loose, worn, or damaged
pegteeth, concave bars, cylinder,
discharge paddles and other
parts, and tighten, repair, or
replace them immediately

Maintenance and Service
• Reduce belt tensions by loosening the

idler pulley and engine mounting bolts
when the machine will not be used for an
extended period to minimize
deterioration.
• Check engine crankcase oil level at and
follow the engine manufacturer's
recommendations for oil change intervals
and oil grade.
• Service the air cleaner, fuel filter, fuel line,
carburetor, and spark plug regularly
according to engine manufacturer's
instructions.

FEATURES AND PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
COMBINE HARVESTER
Mobile grain-harvesting machine for
cutting, picking, stripping, threshing,
separating, winnowing, cleaning and
conveying grain into a
grain hopper and
depositing harvest
residue onto the
ground

TRACTION: Wheel Type

TRACTION: Crawler Type

CUTTING SECTION

HEADER
CROP
DIVIDER
CUTTING SECTION

TINES
CUTTING SECTION: Pick Up Reel

AUGER
CUTTING SECTION: Cutter Bar

THRESHING SECTION

CONCAVE
CROP THRESHING
ENTRANCE TEETH
THRESHING SECTION

CLEANING SECTION

GRAIN
PAN
FAN
SIEV
ES
AUGE
RS
CLEANING SECTION

GRAIN COLLECTION SECTION

GRAIN COLLECTION: BULK TYPE

GRAIN COLLECTION: BULK TYPE

GRAIN COLLECTION: BAGGED TYPE

MAINTENANCE
ROUTINE
1. Clean the harvester.

a. Clean the fins and nets with soft
brush.
b. Clean mud at cutting blade and
auger
c. Do not direct water at electrical
components
2. Lubricate moving and sliding parts

MAINTENANCE
PERIODIC
1.Checking and replacing

consumables
a. Oils
b. Filter
c. Cooling water
2. Cleaning the water

separator

MAINTENANCE
PERIODIC
3. Draining the fuel tank and bleeding
the fuel system
4. Cleaning the engine dust protector
5. Maintaining battery
6. Adjusting clearances of movable
header and thresher parts
7. Adjusting chains and belts
8. Adjusting lever gaps

MAINTENANCE
OFF-SEASON
1. Store the machine in a dry and well-ventilated place protected
against rain, and add wood planks under the crawler.
2. Fill the fuel tank.
3. Fully charge the battery.

TROUBLESHOOTING
THRESHING AND CLEANING SECTION
CONDITION CHECK REMEDY

Crops not Insufficient feed of Raise the harvesting
threshed crops? speed slightly
completely
Crops conveyed Speed up
unevenly? harvesting, and
lower the reel
backward if it is too
near the front

TROUBLESHOOTING
Poor screening Angle of the chaff sieve of Adjust to an appropriate

swing separator adjusted angle according to the
improperly? crop condition
Air volume of fan selected Adjust correctly

properly?
Air volume of fan, or chaff Remove the chaff and

accumulated at the air other obstacles
inlet?

TROUBLESHOOTING

Lots of Angle of the chaff Adjust correctly
damaged sieve of swing
grains separator adjusted
improperly?
Lift conveyer pipe Clean out the mud.
attached with mud?
Crops conveyed Remove the cause of
unevenly? uneven conveying.

DIFFERENT BRANDS
• Kubota
• Claas
• Ford Tractor Philippines, Inc.
• LZ Agri70
• John Deere

Precautions and Safety
• Read the operator’s manual and

other training material. If the
operator or mechanic cannot read
English, it is the owner’s
responsibility to explain this
material to them.
• Become familiar with the safe
operation of the equipment,
operator controls, and safety signs.
• All operators and mechanics should
be trained. The owner of the
machine is responsible for training
the users.

•Never let children or untrained people operate or service the

equipment. Local regulations may restrict the age of the
operator.
• The owner/user can prevent and is responsible for
accidents or injuries occurring to themselves, other people, or
property.
• Operate the machine in an open, unobstructed area under
the direction of an experienced operator.

•Only allow responsible adults, who are

familiar with the instructions, to operate
the machine. Local regulations may
restrict the age of the operator. Do not use
the machine in the case as follows:
•-Patient and person who not suitable for
operating affected by medication/ the
drunken
• Do not wear loose clothes or towels
around waist. Because being caught in
rotation part or control equipment can
cause accident. Wear helmet, safety
footwear, eye shield and gloves, etc. if
needed.

•Inspect the area where the equipment is

to be used and remove all objects such as
rocks, toys and wire which can be thrown
by the machine. Children and pets are
not allowed in the working area.
• If you hit an object or if abnormal
vibration occurs, stop the machine and
inspect it. Make repairs before you
operate. Keep machine and attachments
properly maintained and in good working
order.
• Do not leave machine unattended when
it is running.
• Only operate during daylight or with
good artificial light.
THANK YOU

Threshing: Rice Competitiveness Enhancement Fund

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THRESHING

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

• Drain the field well about 10 days before harvest.

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

• Cut manually the area, to the

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

• Check always the machine,

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

• Position the reaper at the starting

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

• The cut rice panicles may be

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

• It is the device use to

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

Straw Thrower Threshing Chamber

Pulley and Belt

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

• Power drive- Main Engine usually a Electric Motor

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

• Concave-The concave is curved to match the curve of

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

• Position the thresher on a level

• Check pulley surfaces. Rough

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

• Examine the peg teeth for

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

• Lubricate all bearings with

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

• Required 3 to 4 Person, One or

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

• Adjust the cleaner to suit the threshing

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

• Clean the machine thoroughly.

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

• Lubricate cylinder and fan

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

• Reduce belt tensions by loosening the

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

TRACTION: Crawler Type

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

CUTTING SECTION: Pick Up Reel

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

CUTTING SECTION: Cutter Bar

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

GRAIN COLLECTION SECTION

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND