General Microbiology

Topic 5 - Finals

PROPER DIAGNOSIS OF
INFECTIOUS USING
CLINICAL SPECIMENS
BALINOYOS REMALYN
BS Biology II-B
CONTENTS:
INTRODUCTION
CLINICAL SPECIMENS
• Role of healthcare professional in the submission of clinical specimens
• Importance of high quality of clinical specimens
• Proper selection, collection and transport of clinical specimens
• Types of clinical specimens usually to diagnosis infectious diseases

PROPER DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS USING CLINICAL SPECIMENS REMALYN BALINOYOS

 INTRODUCTION
-The proper diagnosis of an infectious diseases requires
• Taking a complete patient history
• Conducting a physical examination of the patient
• Evaluating the patient’s sign and symptoms
• Implementing the proper selection, collection, transport, and
processing of appropriate clinical specimens

PROPER DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS USING CLINICAL SPECIMENS REMALYN BALINOYOS

 CLINICAL SPECIMENS
 Collected from patients and used to diagnose or follow the progress
of infectious diseases.

Example of clinical specimens:

blood, urine, feces, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), bone marrow, bronchial
washings, sputum, cervical/vaginal swabs, pus, hair/nail clippings,

PROPER DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS USING CLINICAL SPECIMENS REMALYN BALINOYOS

 Topic: TYPES OF CLINICAL SPECIMEN SUBMITTED TO THE CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LABORATORY(CML)

B- bacteria V- viral
P- parasitic F- fungal

Types of specimen Type(S) of infectious diseases that the specimen is

used to diagnose
Blood B,F,P,V

Urine B,P,V

Throat swabs B,V

Sputum B,F,P

Cerebrospinal fluid B,F,P,V

Cervical and vagina swabs B

PROPER DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS USING CLINICAL SPECIMENS REMALYN BALINOYOS

 Role of healthcare professional in the submission of clinical specimens
 Healthcare professional
Healthcare professionals who collect and transport specimens
should exercise extreme caution during the collection and transport of
specimens.
There should be a close working relationship among the members of
the healthcare team to ensure a proper diagnosis of infectious diseases.
In the lab, all specimens are handled carefully, exercising standard
precautions.

PROPER DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS USING CLINICAL SPECIMENS REMALYN BALINOYOS

What is the importance of high quality specimen?
are required to achieve accurate, clinically relevant lab results
- the lab must provide written guidelines "laboratory Policies and
Procedures Manual“
Three components of specimen quality
1. Proper selection of the specimen(I,e., to determine the proper
specimen)
2. Proper collection of the specimen
3. Proper transport of the specimen to the laboratory

PROPER DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS USING CLINICAL SPECIMENS REMALYN BALINOYOS

 Proper selection, collection and transport of clinical specimens

specimen must be properly collected

placed into a sterile container (disposable if possible)
protected from heat and cold
handled with care
properly labeled and doctors orders
transport as early as possible to allow for testing

PROPER DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS USING CLINICAL SPECIMENS REMALYN BALINOYOS

 Topic: Types of clinical specimens usually to diagnosis infectious diseases

BLOOD
is usually collected in order to
perform a variety of laboratory
test.

PROPER DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS USING CLINICAL SPECIMENS REMALYN BALINOYOS

 Topic: Types of clinical specimens usually to diagnosis infectious diseases

URINE
This type of sample may be
used to detect the presence various
substance in the urine
Is ordinarily sterile while it is
in the urinary bladder.
• The ideal specimen for a urine
is a clean-catch, midstream
urine specimen.

PROPER DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS USING CLINICAL SPECIMENS REMALYN BALINOYOS

 Topic: Types of clinical specimens usually to diagnosis infectious diseases

3 parts to a urine culture:

1. Colony count
2. Isolation and identification of the pathogen
3. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing

PROPER DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS USING CLINICAL SPECIMENS REMALYN BALINOYOS

Topic:

PROPER DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS USING CLINICAL SPECIMENS REMALYN BALINOYOS

 Topic: Types of clinical specimens usually to diagnosis infectious diseases

SPUCTUM
Is pus that accumulates deep
within the lungs of a patient with
pneumonia, tuberculosis or other
lower respiratory infection.

PROPER DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS USING CLINICAL SPECIMENS REMALYN BALINOYOS

 Topic: Types of clinical specimens usually to diagnosis infectious diseases

THROATH SWABS

PROPER DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS USING CLINICAL SPECIMENS REMALYN BALINOYOS

 Topic: Types of clinical specimens usually to diagnosis infectious diseases

WOUND SPECIMENS
is a test that detect and identifies
bacteria that cause
infection(pathogen) in wound.

PROPER DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS USING CLINICAL SPECIMENS REMALYN BALINOYOS

 Topic: Types of clinical specimens usually to diagnosis infectious diseases

GONOCOCCAL CULTURE
Is sexually transmitted
infection(STI) caused by the
bacterium N.

PROPER DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS USING CLINICAL SPECIMENS REMALYN BALINOYOS

 Topic: Types of clinical specimens usually to diagnosis infectious diseases

FAECAL SPECIMENS
are usually obtained for
microbiological examination to
identify pathogenic organismd that
cause gastro-intensial infection.

PROPER DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS USING CLINICAL SPECIMENS REMALYN BALINOYOS

 Topic: Types of clinical specimens usually to diagnosis infectious diseases

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
- Is the liquid around your brain
and spinal cord.

PROPER DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS USING CLINICAL SPECIMENS REMALYN BALINOYOS