The Civil War

Prundeanu Luis(Clasa a-XII-a

Uman)
 Presidential election of
1860

 In 1860, Stephan Douglas and Abraham Lincoln ran
against each other again, this time for president.
 Lincoln had become well known from their debates
about slavery.
 This time, Lincoln won, becoming the 16th president.
 The RED states are the
ones that elected
 Lincoln
 Southern States secede

 Lincoln received no support in the South, because
they believed Lincoln wanted to end slavery. Since
there were so many more people in the North, he
won the election anyway.
 As soon as Lincoln won the election, the South
started to secede. This means the South split from the
Union. They no longer wanted to be part of the
United States.
 Supporters of secession based their arguments on the
idea of states’ rights. They had voluntarily joined the
union, so they could leave when they wanted.
Confederate States of
America

On December 20, 1860, South Carolina
became the first state to secede. They
were followed by Mississippi, Florida,
Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and
Texas.
The eleven states that had seceded
became the Confederate States of
America.
They named Jefferson Davis as
president.
They wrote a new Constitution which
made slavery legal.
 Civil War

 A civil war is a war between people of the same
country.
 There have been many civil wars, but one of the
worst happened in America.
 The American Civil War was fought to keep the
South from leaving the Union.
 Slavery was the major issue that separated the North
from the South.
The Civil War began at Fort Sumter on

April 12, 1861


Fort Sumter was a Union fort in the South, and the Union had
a hard time defending it. They surrendered 34 hours later.
There were 23 states in the Union (North) at the beginning of
the war.
There were 11 states in the Confederacy
(South) at the beginning of the war.
Union and Confederate
states

 North’s Advantages

The North had some major advantages:
 They had many more people
 They had many more factories, which could be used
to make weapons.
 The Union also had many more miles of railroad
tracks.
 South’s Advantages

 The South’s main advantage was that they were
fighting at home.
 They were closer to their supplies.
 They would fight harder because they were
protecting their homes.
 Southern soldiers were better equipped with the
skills necessary to survive a war.
 
The president of the Union was Abraham
Lincoln, who had been elected in 1860
 Abraham Lincoln
The president of the new Confederate States of
America, or the Confederacy, was Jefferson
Davis.
 Jefferson Davis
 Battle of Bull Run

 One of the first battles of the war was the Battle of Bull Run.
 The North realized after this battle that the war would not be
easy and would not be over soon, as they originally thought.
 New Weapons

Many new weapons were used during the Civil War.
 One of these weapons was an ironclad ship. An
ironclad ship was a ship with iron plates on it to
protect it from cannon fire
 Other new weapons:

 Deadlier cannons and bullets
 Rifles that were more accurate
 Battle of Antietam

 The first time the Confederacy invaded Northern
territory was the Battle of Antietam. They were led
by Gen. Robert E. Lee
 It began on Sept. 17, 1862 and lasted 12 hours.
 It was the bloodiest battle day in United States
history. 23,000 men lost their lives that day.
 The Union army stopped the Confederate army. This
“victory” by the Union gave President Lincoln the
chance to announce the abolition of slavery in the
South.
Battle at Antietam

 Emancipation
Proclamation

 On January 1, 1863, Pres.
Lincoln announced the
Emancipation
Proclamation. It declared
that all slaves should be set
free in the Confederacy.
 It also allowed blacks to
serve in the Union army
and navy.
 The South ignored the
Emancipation
Proclamation, but it did
change the focus of the war
to the issue of slavery.
Women in the Civil War

 Women on both sides
worked during the war.
Many became nurses.
The most famous nurse
from the Union was
Clara Barton.
 She also helped
organize the American
Red Cross
 Battle of Gettysburg

 The Battle of Gettysburg
was one of the bloodiest
battles of the war.
 It took place from July1-3,
1863.
 97,000 Union soldiers
fought 75,000 Confederate
soldiers.
 More than 50,000 men were
killed or wounded in the
battle.
 
 The Union won the Battle of Gettysburg.
 Many felt it was a turning point in the war.
 Many Northerners started supporting the army after
this by lending them money to help pay for the war.
 This was called a war bond.
 Gettysburg Address

 Several months after the Battle of Gettysburg,
President Lincoln went to the battlefield to dedicate a
cemetery in honor of all those who had died.
 Lincoln spoke for two minutes, but his speech
became very famous.
 It is called “The Gettysburg Address”.

 Other Important Dates:

• In March of 1864, Pres. Lincoln appointed Gen. Ulysses S. Grant to
lead the Union Army.
• On Nov. 6 1864, President Lincoln was reelected as president of
the Union.
• After several more battles, Confederate General Robert E. Lee
surrendered to Union General Ulysses S. Grant on April 9, 1865.
The war was officially over.
• On April 14, 1865, while enjoying a night at the theater with his
wife, Abraham Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes Booth. He died
at 7:22 a.m. the next day.
• On Dec. 6, 1865, the 13th Amendment to the Constitution was
ratified. This amendment abolished (ended) slavery.