DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION OF THE FIRST ORDER

AND SECOND DEGREE

The type of equation considered here is presented by:

𝐴  ¿ 𝐴≠0
 

Where y’= dy/dz and A,B and C are functions of r and y.

Solving (1) for y’ by algebra we obtain two roots:

2 2
′ − 𝐵+ √  𝐵 − 4 𝐴𝐶 ′− 𝐵 − √  𝐵 − 4 𝐴𝐶
𝑦 =
1 𝑦=2
2𝐴 2𝐴
Hence we might write equation (1) in the form:

( )( )
2 2
− 𝐵+ √  𝐵 − 4 𝐴𝐶
′ ′− 𝐵 − √  𝐵 − 4 𝐴𝐶
𝑦− 𝑦− =0
2𝐴 2𝐴
Example 1: Find the solutions of:
′2 ′ 2
𝑦 +2 𝑥 𝑦  − 3 𝑥 =0

Solution:
′2 ′ 2 ′ ′
𝑦 +2 𝑥 𝑦 − 3 𝑥 =(  𝑦 +3 𝑥)( 𝑦 − 𝑥)= 0

Solving the two equations:

𝑦 ′ +3 𝑥=0
  and 𝑦 ′ − 𝑥= 0
 
We get:
2  2 1  2
𝑦+ 𝑥 =𝐶1 𝑦= 𝑋 +𝐶 2
3 2
 ¿
 
( 𝑦 ′ +3 𝑥)( 𝑦 ′ − 𝑥)= 0
 
𝑦 ′ − 𝑥= 0
′
𝑦 +3 𝑥=0  
  ′
𝑦 =𝑥
′
𝑦 =− 3 𝑥
 
  𝑑𝑦  
=𝑥
𝑑𝑦   𝑑𝑥
=−3 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦=𝑥𝑑𝑥
 
𝑑𝑦= −3
  𝑥𝑑𝑥
∫
  𝑑𝑦=¿
  ∫
  𝑥𝑑𝑥
 
∫
  𝑑𝑦=  −3 ∫
  𝑥𝑑𝑥
  𝑥  2
𝑦= +𝑐 2
2 2
−3  𝑥
𝑦= +𝑐 2 1  2
2 𝑦= 𝑥 + 𝑐2
2
Example 2: Solve

2 2 2 2
9 𝑥 𝑑 𝑦 =16
  𝑦 𝑑𝑥

Solution:

3 𝑥𝑑𝑦=4
  𝑦𝑑𝑥 3 𝑥𝑑𝑦=−
  4 𝑦𝑑𝑥
𝑦 2=𝐶
 1 𝑋 4
𝑦 2 𝑥 4 =𝐶2
Review Exercises:

1) Solve   ¿ by equating to zero each factor of the

left member and solving the results for y in terms of x.

Solve the following differential equations:

′ 2 ′ 3
2) ( 𝑦 −3 𝑥 )( 𝑦
  − 4 𝑥 )=0
2 2 2 2
3) 16 𝑦 𝑑 𝑦 − 9 𝑥 𝑑 𝑥 =0

4) 𝑥𝑦  ¿

5) 𝑥2  ¿
6) 𝑥  ¿
′ ′ ′ ′ 2
7)
𝑥 𝑦 ( 𝑦 −2 𝑥)= 𝑦 ( 2
  𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑥 − 2) −2 𝑥