Woldia University

Faculty of Technology
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Aerodynamics (MEng5311)
Dr Mesfin B.

Chapter Eight
Flow Control, Planar and Rotating
Wing Designs

December 2019
 Outline
• Introduction
• Maximizing Lift for Single-Element Airfoils
• Multi-Element Airfoils
• Boundary Layer Control Prevention to Separation
• Reduction of Skin-Friction Drag
• Reduction of Form Drag
• Reduction of Induced Drag
• Low-speed Aircraft Design Considerations
• Propeller and Rotorcraft Blades
• Reduction of Wave Drag
 Introduction-Road map
Wing design is an exceedingly complex and multifaceted
subject. It is not possible to do justice to all that it involves
in the present text, but it is possible to cover some of the
fundamental principles that underlie design for high lift and
low drag. For fixed air properties and free-stream speed,
lift can be augmented in four main ways:
☼ Increased wing area
☼ Increased angle of attack
☼ Increased camber
☼ Increased circulation by judicious application of high-
 Introduction
 The extent to which the second and third approaches
can be exploited is governed by the behavior of the
boundary layer. A wing can only continue to generate
lift successfully if boundary-layer separation is either
avoided or closely controlled.
 Lift augmentation is usually accomplished by deploying
various high-lift devices, such as flaps and multi-
element airfoils.
 Introduction
 These lead to increased drag, so they are generally used
only at the low speeds encountered during takeoff and
landing. Nevertheless, it is instructive to examine the
factors governing the maximum lift achievable with an
unmodified single-element airfoil before considering the
various high-lift devices. Accordingly, the maximization
of lift for single-element airfoils is considered in
 Introduction-Road map
Also the total drag forces can minimized as
☺Reduction of skin-friction drag

☺Reduction of form drag

☺Reduction of induced drag

☺Reduction of wave drag

Flow Control Devices
Flow Control Devices
Flow Control Devices
 Flow Control Devices

 Refere ‘Aerodynamics for Engineering

Students’ chapter 9.