Ch 12 Notes

Plant Characteristics
 Plants are autotrophs
Chloroplasts in the plant

cell create food from the

energy of the sun.
 Plant cells have a cell wall
 Plant Characteristics Contd.

 Plants have a cuticle that

cover the surfaces of
stems, leaves, and other
parts to keep them from
drying out.
 Plants reproduce with
spores and sex cells.
The spore producing

stage is called a
sporophyte.
The stage that produces

egg and sperm cells is

called a gametophyte.
 Origin of Plants
 Scientists believe that plants
came from green algae.
 They are similar in

 color, cell walls

 The chlorophyll they contain

 store energy in the form of

starch
 two-part life cycle
 Classification of Plants
 Vascular vs. Nonvascular

- Vascular plants are broken into

groups based on if they have seeds

or not.
- Seeding plants are broken into

flowering or nonflowering.
Nonvascular = mosses liverworts
Vascular +no seeds = ferns,
horsetails, club mosses
Vascular + seeds + flowering=
angiosperms
Vascular + seeds + nonflowering=
gymnosperms
Plant Film
 12.2 Seedless Plants

Mosses & Liverworts

 These tend to be small. They

grow on soil, bark and rocks.

 Because they lack a vascular

system they live in wet places.

 These plants do not have true

stems, roots, or leaves.

 Mosses & Liverworts
 They typically live together in

large groups.
 Each plant has rhizoids which

help hold them in place and they

have a leafy stalk.
 Tend to be the first plants in a

new environment and they create

soil.
 Ferns, Horsetails & Club Mosses
 Have vascular systems and can grow tall.
 Ferns- Grow in cold to hot places &

Most have an underground stem called

a rhizome
 Horsetails- Grow in wet, marshy places

 Club Mosses - Grow in woodlands

Importance of Seedless Vascular
Plants
 Help form soil
 Hold soil in place to prevent soil loss

(erosion)
 Some are used for food or decoration

 Created present day fossil fuels (coal

and oil)
 12.3 Plants with Seeds
Characteristics
 Produce seeds- structures where
young sporophytes are nourished
and protected.
 The male gametophytes (POLLEN)
do not need water to travel to the
female gametophytes- they travel by
wind and animals.
 Why seeds?
 Plants that reproduce using seeds
have several advantages.
 The developing plant is nourished

by the food stored in the seed.

 It is protected by the hard outer

covering of the seed.

 Gymnosperms- “Naked seeds”

 Seed Plants without Flowers

 Reproduce when wind carries male

pollen to female parts in cones.

 Pine trees and Evergreens are

examples
 Angiosperms- Flowering Plants
 Most common type of plants-

vary greatly
 All produce flowers and fruit
 What are Flowers For?
 Flowers contain male and
female gametophytes and are
used to attract animals to carry
pollen from one flower to
another to make more plants.
 What are Fruits For?
 They make sure that the seeds
survive as they are transported
(protect)
 Some have parts to “float” on the

wind while others stick to animals

or people.
 Monocots
 Type of angiosperm that have
flower parts in 3’s, leaves with
parallel veins and scattered
vascular tissues.
 Dicots
 Type of angiosperm with flower
petals in 4’s & 5’s, leaves with
branching veins, vascular tissues
in a ring.
 Monocot vs. Dicot
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