Welcome To

My
Presentation
Title of the Proposed Thesis: Synthesis of Graphene
Oxide and their Composites based on Chitosan for
Biomedical Purposes.

Presented by
Tonmoy Paul
ID: M.Sc.-191701
Physics Discipline
Khulna University, Khulna

Supervisor Joint Supervisor

Prof. Dr. Farzana Nahid Dr. Md. Mahbubul Haque
Principle scientific Officer
Professor
Materials science division
Physics Discipline
Atomic energy centre, Dhaka
Khulna university,Khulna
4,kazi nazrul islam avenue shahbag, Dhaka-1000
,bangladesh
 Contents
 Background and statement of the problem
 Objectives of the present work
 Literature Review
 Research methodology
• Collection of Raw Materials
• Sample preparation
• Characterizations of the prepared sample
 Expected outcome of the research
 Bibliography
01/09/2021 3
 Background and statement of the problem
  Graphene is a single layer (monolayer) of carbon atoms, tightly bound in a
hexagonal honeycomb lattice.
 The name ‘graphene’ comes from graphite+ -ene = graphene.

Graphene is a one atom thick planar

sheet of
 Graphene was discovered in 2004 at the University Of Technology In
Sydney.
 Geim and Novoselov was awarded to Nobel Prize in Physics in 2010
for this discovery.
01/09/2021 4
 Background and statement of the problem

 Graphene oxide (GO) consists of a single layer structure of the two-

dimensional carbon material composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

 Graphene oxide (GO), one of the most important derivative of graphene.

 Graphene oxide has attractive properties like high mechanical

strength, thermal conductivity , high flexibility, very lightweight,
high density and excellent electrical conductivity.

 Graphene and graphene-related materials can be used in many different

biological applications and bioactivities.

01/09/2021
Background and statement of the problem

 Chitosan (CS) is a natural polysaccharide produced from chitin and

considered as the largest biomaterial after cellulose in terms of
utilization and distribution.

 Chitosan antibacterial, low toughness, antioxidant

and less harder.

 Chitosan has excellent biological properties and effective uses in the

food processing, medical field, cosmetics and agricultural sector.

 Chitosan is used to treat obesity, high cholesterol and loss of

strength etc.
 Background and Statement of the Problem

 Graphene oxide (GO) is the best material for the improvement

of mechanical and biological properties of chitosan (CS)
without reducing its bioactivity.

 In the present study an attempt will be made to synthesize

Chitosan (CS) based graphene oxide composite material.

 And the required characterizations of the synthesized

materials will be done to investigate the compatibility of
different biomedical uses in future .

01/09/2021 7
 Objectives
The objectives of the present research are as follows:

 To synthesize chitosan (CS) based graphene oxide (GO) composite

material (GO-CS).

 To investigate the phase purity of the products by X-ray diffraction

(XRD).

 To investigate the TEM and SEM image for the morphology of the
synthesized materials and microscopic structure of the composite.

 To increase the hardness of chitosan for bone and teeth

implantation.

 To determine the toughness and hardness through Universal

Tensile Tester and Vickers micro hardness tester.
01/09/2021 8
 Literature Review
 Graphene oxide was first prepared by Oxford chemist Benjamin C.
Brodie in 1859, by treating graphite with a mixture of potassium
chlorate and fuming nitric acid.[1]

 N. I. Zaaba, et al. [2] studied the synthesis of graphene oxide(GO) using

modified hummers method from pure graphite powder.

 Daniele Nuvoli, et al. [3] studied the synthesis and characterization of

graphene-based nanocomposites with potential use for biomedical
applications by sonication method.

 Yang Gong, et al. [4] studied the synthesis and characterization of

graphene oxide/chitosan composite aerogels with High Mechanical
Performance.

 Katarzyna Pieklarz, et al. [5] studied the applications of chitosan-

graphene oxide nanocomposites in medical science.
01/09/2021 9
 Research Methodology
Collection of Raw Materials:

  For synthesis of Graphene oxide (GO): Sulfuric acid (SO4),

potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide solution () and
hydrochloric acid (HCl) will be purchased from Sigma-Aldrich(St
Louis, MO) .

 Then the ingredients of CS: Acetic acid, lactic acid, tannic acid
(TAc), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), hydrochloric acid (HCl)
solutions will be purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.

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 Sample Preparation: Modified Hummers Method
Add Oxidation process
(Add 50 ml of DI
Add (3 gm)
Graphite Pre-expanded slowly, stirring
water drop wise
slowly, dark brown,
Powder graphite for 3 hrs.
< 50 degree
(1 gm) (Black) Celsius), formed
GO.

Add 100 ml of DI water

instantly to oxidize the
graphite if some left, add
5ml of to remove the
excessive amount of

Beaker

Purified
graphene
Ice bath oxide

Magnetic stirrer

N.I. Zaabaa, K.L. Fooa,*, U. Hashima,d, S.J.Tanb,c, Wei-Wen Liua and C.H. Voona., 2017: Synthesis of Graphene Oxide using Modified
Hummers Method: Solvent Influence. Procedia Engineering, 184, 469 – 477. [2]
01/09/2021 11
 Preparation of GO/CS composite : Biomimetic Mineralization
method

GO   CS(Chitosan) CS coated GO
(Graphene oxide) +
substance
Simulated
body
CS coated GO
+ fluid(SBF) Imersion solution
substance
solution
(pH=7.42)

Washing (several
times) Cell culture
GO/CS incubator
composite
Drying in (in different
vacuum plates),14 days

Mahboubeh Jafarkhania, ZeinabSalehia and Tahereh Nematianb, 2018: Preparation and characterization of chitosan/graphene oxide composite hydrogels for
nerve tissue Engineering. Materialstoday: Proceedings, 5(3), 15620-15628.[8]
01/09/2021 12
 Characterizations of the Prepared Sample
 The microstructure properties of the sample will be studied by Scanning
Electron Microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM).
 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)
will also be used for functionalization .

 XRD (X-ray diffraction) will be used to identify the phase of the synthesized
sample.
 In Mechanical properties, the flexural strength of the ceramics materials will be
measured by Universal Tensile Tester and the hardness of the sample will be
studied by Vickers micro hardness tester.
 All of these instruments are situated at Materials Science Division, Atomic
Energy Center, Dhaka.
01/09/2021
 Expected Outcome of the Research

 The main aim of my thesis work is to investigate the

morphological, structural, microscopic and biological
properties of Chitosan (CS) based graphene oxide (CS-GO).

 And hence to investigate the compatibility of the CS-GO for

biomedical applications like bone implantation, teeth
implantation.

01/09/2021 14
 Bibliography
[1] Ling Sun ,  January 2019. Structure and Synthesis of graphene oxide .
[2]N.I.Zaaba, K.L.Fooa, U.Hashima, S..J.Tan, Wei-Wen Liua and C.H.Voon,2017. “Synthesis of Graphene Oxide
using Modified Hummers Method: Solvent Influence.” Procedia Engineering, Volume 184, Pages 469-477.
[3]Daniele Nuvoli, Valeria Alzari, Roberta Sanna, Sergio Scognamillo, Jenny Alongi, Giulio Malucelli and Alberto
Mariani., 2013: Synthesis and characterization of graphene-based nanocomposites with potential use for
biomedical applications. J Nanopart Res., 15(3), 1512-1519.
[4] Yang Gong, Yingchun Yu, Huixuan Kang, Xiaohong Chen*, Hao Liu, Yue Zhang and Yimeng Sunand Huaihe
Song., 2019: Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene Oxide/Chitosan Composite Aerogels with High
Mechanical Performance. Polymers, 11, 777.
[5] Katarzyna Pieklarz*, Michał Tylman and Zofia Modrzejewska, 2018: Applications of chitosan-graphene
oxide nanocomposites in medical science. Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives,
23, 5-24.
[6] Mina Sabzevari, Duncan E. Cree, and Lee D. Wilson, 2018: Graphene oxide−chitosan composite Material
for Treatment of a Model Dye Effluent. ACS omega, 3(10), 13045-13054.
[7] Kosowska, K., Domalik-Pyzik, P., ocu n, M. and han hłopek, 2018: Chitosan and graphene oxide/reduced
grapheneoxide hybrid nanocomposites-Evaluation of physicochemical properties. J. Chem. Phys., 216, 28–36.
[8] Mahboubeh Jafarkhania, ZeinabSalehia and Tahereh Nematianb, 2018: Preparation and characterization
of chitosan/graphene oxide composite hydrogels for nerve tissue Engineering. Materialstoday: Proceedings,
5(3), 15620-15628.
[9] Ma J, Liu C, Li R and Wang J, 2012: Properties and structural characterization of chitosan/graphene oxide
biocomposites. Biomed Mater Eng., 22(1-3):129-35.
[10] Nengsheng Ye, Yali Xie, Pengzhi Shi, Ting Gao and Jichao Ma, 2014: Synthesis of magnetite/graphene
oxide/chitosan composite and its application for protein adsorption. Materials Science & Engineering. C,
Materials for Biological Applications, 45, 8-14.
[11] Hui Yuan, Long-Yue Meng and Soo-Jin Park, 2016: Synthesis and applications of graphene/chitosan
nanocomposites. Carbon Letters, 17, 11-17.

01/09/2021 15
 Thank You

01/09/2021 16