Coal Fired PP

BY: MUHAMMAD NAUMAN

JUNIOR ENGINEER
HPS SHADIWAL, GUJRAT
Coal-fired Power Plant

A coal-fired power station is a power station which

coal burns to produce electricity. Central station
coal-fired power plants are designed on a large
scale for continuous operation. In many countries,
such plants provide most of the electrical energy
used.
Process

In a coal-fired power plant the chemical energy stored

in coal and oxygen of the air is converted successively
into thermal energy, mechanical energy and, finally,
electrical energy. Each fossil fuel power plant is a
complex, custom-designed system.

Main machines:
Boiler Steam turbine Electric generator
Diagram of a Typical steam-cycle Coal Power Plant
Coal-fired Power Plant Schematic
Systems
The power plant consists of the following major systems ：
 Electrical system
 Steam water system
 Air and flue gas system
 Coal handling system
 Circulating water system
 Ash handling system
 Chemical water treatment system
 Instrument & Control system
 Environmental control system
Boiler

A boiler or steam generator is a device used to create steam (or hot

water) by applying heat energy to water. The source of heat for a boiler
is combustion of any of several fuels, such as wood, coal, oil, or natural
gas. Heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs) use the heat rejected
from other processes such as gas turbines.
Coal-Fired Utility Boiler
In addition to its primary function of evaporating water to steam at high pressure, the
modern boiler has to
 Produce that steam at exceptionally high purity
 superheat the steam generated in the unit to a specified temperature, and maintain
that temperature over a designated range of load
 Re-superheat (reheat) the steam which is returned to the boiler after expanding
through the high-pressure stages of the turbine, and maintains that reheat
temperature constant over a specified range of load
 Reduce the gas temperature leaving the unit to a level that satisfies the requirement
for high thermal efficiency and at the same time is suitable for processing in the
emission-control equipment downstream of the boiler.
Construction and Components
Pulverized coal-fired boiler proper consists of:

 Furnace  Wall

 Convection (gas) pass  Connecting pipes

 Burner  Steam drum or steam separator

 Heating surfaces  Platform, ladder & truss

 Header
Cross-Sectional View of Boiler
Types of Boiler
Steam generator (or boiler) can be classified according to different criteria. The criteria may be
firing method, end use, steam conditions, fuel, circulation method, relative positions of
combustion products, etc.
 Steam generator (or boiler) can be classified into three categories by end use (or
application), i.e.
(a) Utility boiler
(b) Marine boiler
(c) Industrial boiler

 Boilers may be classified according to relative positions of combustion products:

(a) Shell boiler, also called fire tube boiler

(b) Water tube boiler

 Types of Boiler
 There are four types of furnace-wall circulation systems used for present-day steam generators.

(a) Thermally induced, also called thermal, thermo-syphonic, or "natural", with inherent

recirculation. It is normally called natural circulation.

(b) Thermally induced, pump-assisted, with recirculation. It is normally called controlled

circulation.

(c) Once-through, with no recirculation.

(d) Once-through, with superimposed pumped recirculation.

Types of Boiler
 Sahiwal Coal Fired PP Boiler Specifications

 The 2×660 MW supercritical boilers for Pakistan Sahiwal power

generation project of Huaneng Shandong Ruyi (Pakistan) Energy (Private)
Limited are 660MW class supercritical boilers developed independently
by Harbin Boiler Plant Co., Ltd. These boilers are π-shaped, once through,
once intermediate reheating, variable pressure, balanced draft, dry bottom
boilers with a single furnace, full steel frame, and full suspension
structure, arranged in the open air. The boiler model: HG-2118/25.4-
HM16. The boiler is provided with two rotary trisector air preheaters.
Steam Turbine

It’s a prime mover. As we know, there are a lot of prime movers, such as internal

combustion engine and steam engine. But the working manner of the steam turbine,

is rotary. Steam turbine is a kind of turbo- machinery.

Steam Turbine specifications for Sahiwal Coal PP

The Company's 2×660MW steam turbines are supercritical, single shaft, four-
cylinder, four- exhaust, once intermediate reheating and condensing turbines
made by Shanghai Turbine Company Ltd. The N660-24.2/566/566 turbine with
an eight-stage regenerative steam extraction system, has a maximum
continuous rating of 681MW, a rated output of 660MW, and a rated speed of
3000r/min. The turbine unit adopts composite variable pressure operation
mode.
 Steam Turbine specifications for Sahiwal Coal PP

The circulation part of steam turbine consists of high pressure, medium pressure
and low pressure parts, 79 stages in total, which are all reaction type. The high
pressure part is divided into 19 stages. The medium pressure part is of two-way
split flow type and there are 32 stages in total with 16 stages for either flow. The
low pressure part is of two-cylinder two-way split flow type and there are 28
stages in total with 7 stages for either split flow,.
Layout for Steam Turbine at Sahiwal Coal PP
Generator Specifications of Shahiwal Coal PP
Model QFSN-660-2 Rated capacity (MVA) 776.5
Self-shunt excitation static
Rated power (MW) 660 Excitation method
excitation
22 Rated stator current (A) 20377
Rated stator voltage (kV)

Rated excitation voltage (V) 491 Rated excitation current (A) 4669

No-load excitation voltage (V) 150 No-load excitation current (A) 1497

Rated power factor 0.85 (lagging phase) Rated frequency (Hz) 50

Rated speed (r/min) 3000 Wiring method of stator coil YY

Phase number 3 Insulation class F

Rated hydrogen pressure (MPa) 0.45 Cooling method Water-hydrogen-hydrogen

Multiple of force excitation Allowable force excitation time

2.25 10
ceiling voltage (S)

Manufacturer
Shanghai Electric Group Co., Ltd.
Electrical System of Shahiwal Coal PP
 The 500kV system adopts double-bus 3/2 wiring approach, which is connected with incoming
lines of two main transformers, outgoing lines of two lines and one startup standby transformer to
form two complete series and one incomplete series (semi-series) system.

 The main transformer is produced by Xian XD Transformer Co., Ltd. The single phase model is
DFP10-270000/500 and 270MVA forced oil circulation air cooling method is used.

 The startup/standby transformer is produced by Xian XD Transformer Co., Ltd. The model is
SFFZ10-70000/500, and 70/45-45MVA natural oil circulation air cooling and on-load voltage
regulation with split winding are used.

 The HV auxiliary transformer is produced by Xian XD Transformer Co., Ltd. The model is
SFF10-70000/22, and 70/45-45MVA natural oil circulation air cooling and no-load voltage
regulation transformer with split winding are used.
Electrical System of Shahiwal Coal PP
Thank You