URBAN COMMUNITY

/URBANISATION
Vanisree Ramanathan
MEANING /DEFINITION
 Density and social characteristics
 James A Quinn “ phenomenon of specialization”
 Louis Wirth “ urbanization as a way of life”
defines city as a relatively large, dense and
permanent settlement of socially hetrogenous
people
 Ian Robertson “ A city is a permanent
concentration of relatively large number of
people who do not produce their own food”
 Population, legal limits, occupations, social
organisations…..
URBANISM/URBANISATION
 Urbanism is a cultural-social and economic
phenomenon which traces interaction
between the social and technological
processes
 Urbanism is a way of life which is
characterized by elements such as transiency,
superficiality, anonymity and individualism
 Urbanization is a process by which urban
values get diffused , behavior patterns are
transformed and movement from to villages
to cities occur
CHARACTERISTICS OF URBAN
COMMUNITY
 Social hetrogenity
 Secondary relations
 Anonymity of city life
 Secondary control (law, legislation, police
and courts)
 Large scale division of labor and
specialization
 Large scale social mobility
CHARACTERISTICS OF URBAN
COMMUNITY
 Individuation
 Voluntary association
 Social tolerance
 Spatial segregation/functional segregation
 Unstable family
DETERMINANTS OF CITY AS PER
CENSUS
 For the Census of India 2011, the definition of urban area is as
follows:

 1. All places with a municipality, corporation, cantonment

board or
 notified town area committee, etc.

 2. All other places which satisfied the following criteria:

 i) A minimum population of 5,000;
 ii) At least 75 per cent of the male main working population
 engaged in non-agricultural pursuits; and
 iii) A density of population of at least 400 persons per sq. km.
 The first category of urban units is known as Statutory Towns
 The second category of Towns is known as Census Town
URBAN AGGLOMERATION (UA):
 An urban agglomeration is a continuous urban
spread constituting a town and its adjoining
outgrowths (OGs), or two or more physically
contiguous towns together with or without
outgrowths of such towns.
 An Urban Agglomeration must consist of at
least a statutory town and its total population
(i.e. all the constituents put together) should
not be less than 20,000 as per the 2001
Census.
OUT GROWTHS (OGS)
• Areas around a core city or town, such well
recognized places as, Railway colony,
university campus, port area, etc., lying
outside the limit of town, is termed as Out
Growths.
Number of Statutory and Census Towns and
Their Population in India
Type of Urban Units 2011 2001 Change

1. Statutory Towns (incl OGs):

(a) Number 4,041 3,809 232
(b) Population (in million) 319 265 58
( c) Proportion to total Urban 86% 93% - 7 PPT
2. Census Towns:
(a) Number 3,894 1,352 2,542
(b) Population (in million) 54 21 +33
( c) Proportion to total Urban 14% 7% 7 PPT

Quick Estimates : Provisional

CLASSIFICATION OF CITIES
 Class IV – small towns- urban areas between
5,000 to 20,000 population
 Class III – Large towns - 20,000 – 50,000
 Class II – Big cities – 50,000- 1 lakh
 Class I – Metropolitan cities- 10 lakh and
above population
 At the Census 2011 there are 7,935 towns in
the country. The number of towns has
 increased by 2,774 since last Census.
 Many of these towns are part of UAs and the
 rest are independent towns.
 The total number of Urban
Agglomerations/Towns, which constitutes
the urban frame, is 6166 in the country.
Population by Rural Urban
Residence - India

Persons:

• Total : 1,210,193,422
• Rural: 833,087,662
• Urban: 377,105,760

Rural Urban Distribution Persons

(in %):

• Total : 100.0 %
• Rural: 68.8 %
• Urban: 31.2 %
12

Source: Census 2011 – Provisional Population Totals - India

 CENSUS 2011 - INDIA

Number of Administrative Units in Census 2011

States/UTs 35

Districts 640
Sub-districts 5,924
Towns 7,936
Villages 0.64 million
URBAN POPULATION BY MAJOR STATES IN INDIA
2011 (IN MN)
Bihar; 11.73 Punjab; 10.39
Maharashtra; 50.83
Kerala; 15.93
NCT of Delhi, 16.33
Rajasthan; 17.08

Uttar Pradesh; 44.47

Madhya Pradesh; 20.06

Karnataka; 23.58
Tamil Nadu; 34.95

Gujarat; 25.71

West Bengal; 29.13

Andhra Pradesh; 28.35
CAUSES OF URABANISATION
 NATURAL INCREASE IN POPULATION
 Migration of people to cities
 Pull and push factors
 Changes in city boundaries
ADVANTAGES
 Opportunities and facilities
 Satisfy various interest, education, health,
recreation, religion and politics
 Social mobility and social movements
 More tolerance, less social distance
 Dynamic life – social change
 Women's empowerment
 Provides means of recreations
DEMERITS
 Materialistic and mechanical
 Secondary relations, indifference no intimacy
 Individualistic, selfish, rationalistic and
calculative
 Challenge to family
 Social deviance
 Economic insecurity, mental illness, gmabling,
prostitutions, drug addictions, corruption,
crime, pollution, VAW and soon…
 Problem of civic amenities