CRIME PREVENTION POLICIES NURUZZAMAN

Roll: 39, LLB (Hons) 2nd Year

IN A CRIMINOLOGICAL
University of Dhaka
PERSPECTIVE
WHAT IS CRIME PREVENTION?

 CrimePrevention is an active approach utilizing public

awareness and preventive measures to reduce crime or remove it.

Criminology primarily deals with the etiology of crime, society’s

response to it, and its prevention.

It is agreed that prevention of crime is not possible altogether as

problem of crime and criminals is beset with every society.
WHOSE RESPONSIBILITY TO
PREVENT CRIME?

 Law Enforcement Agency

 Of All Citizens
DETERRENCE THEORY
The deterrence theory that has developed from the work of
Hobbes, Beccaria, and Bentham who believed that people are
motivated to obtain pleasure and avoid pain.

Crime, then, can be deterred by increasing the certainty

(likelihood), celerity (swiftness), and severity (amount) of legal
punishment for committing it. The more severe a punishment, it is
thought, the more likely that a rationally calculating human being
will desist from criminal acts.
IN VIEW OF POSITIVE SCHOOL ON
DETERRENCE THEORY
Punishment is not always a tool of elimination of crime.

When people commit crime due to biological defect or

psychological abnormality, they need treatment.

When due to social anomalies or economic hardships, social

reorganization or economic solvency will be needed.
SITUATIONAL CRIME PREVENTION THEORY:
RONALD CLARKE

SCP sees criminal law in a more restrictive sense, as only part of

the anti-crime effort in governance. It calls for minutely analyzing
specific crime types (or problems) to uncover the situational
factors that facilitate their commission. Intervention techniques are
then devised to manipulate the related situational factors.

Crime can be reduced effectively by altering situations rather than

an offender’s personal dispositions. SCP primarily seeks to solve
and reduce crime problems in an action setting.
CONTD.
Ronald Clarke primarily divided crime prevention approaches into three
categories of measures:
 Degree of surveillance:
Improving surveillance around homes, businesses or public places to deter
criminals.
 Target hardening measures:
Which means making your property harder for an offender to access.
Upgrading the locks on your doors, windows, sheds and outbuildings.
Using secure passwords to prevent criminals hacking your online
accounts.
 Environmental management: The circumstances we are should be
managed in orderly where rule of law prevailed.
 
SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN
PREVENTION OF CRIME
 10 PRINCIPLES OF CRIME PREVENTION GIVEN
BY POLICE DEPT. OF WEST YORKSHIRE

 Target Hardening
Which means making your property harder for an offender to access.
Upgrading the locks on your doors, windows, sheds and outbuildings. Using
secure passwords to prevent criminals hacking your online accounts.

 Target Removal
Ensuring that a potential target is out of view. Not leaving items on view
through your windows i.e. laptops, phones, keys, bags etc. Putting your
vehicle in the garage if you have one and not leaving valuables on display.
Being cautious about what you post online as it may be used to identify or
locate you offline.
 
CONTD.
 Reducing the Means
Removing items that may help commit an offence i.e. unnecessary stick,
ladders, brick.
 Reducing the Payoff
Not buying property you believe or suspect to be stolen.
 Access Control
Looking at measures that will control access to a location, a person or object.
 Surveillance
Improving surveillance around homes, businesses or public places to deter
criminals.
 
COND.
 Rule Setting
Changing our habits by setting rules and positioning signage in appropriate
locations. Informing users that a particular site is closed between certain times
and should not be accessed.
 Increase the Chances of Being Caught
Increasing the likelihood that an offender will be caught to prevent crime
occurring.
 Environmental management
The circumstances we are should be managed in orderly where rule of law
prevailed.
 
THE BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR
THE PREVENTION OF CRIME
BY UN ECOSOC RESOLUTION
2012
 Government Leadership
at all levels is required to create and maintain an institutional
framework for effective crime prevention.

 Socio-economic Development
The need to integrate crime prevention into relevant social and
economic policies, and to focus on the social integration of at-risk
communities, children, families, and youth.
CONTD.
 Co-operation and Partnerships
between government ministries and authorities, civil society organizations,
the business sector, and private citizens are required given the wide-ranging
nature of the causes of crime and the skills and responsibilities required to
address them.
 Interdependency
The need for national crime prevention diagnoses and strategies to take into
account, where appropriate, the links between local criminal problems and
international organized crime.
THANKS ALL