PROPOSAL and FOMAL

REPORT
WHAT IS BUSINESS PROPOSAL?
• Definition: A proposal is a written document used to explain what
goods/services one individual or business offer to provide for another. In
the proposal, one should be able to outline the service you’re offering
and explain why you’re the best person for it.

• Importance: Proposals can mean life or death for an

organization.

• Kinds: Internal proposals are often justification and

recommendation reports. External proposals usually respond to
Requests for Proposals (RFPs).
 Business Proposal
• A business proposal can be either solicited or unsolicited

• A business proposal is not a business plan

 Business Proposal Format
• Title
• Table of Contents
• Executive Summary
• The Problem Statement
• The Proposed Solution
• Qualifications
• The Timeline
• Pricing, Billing and Legal
• Terms and Conditions
• The Acceptance
 Your Business Proposal
Personnel
( Management Proposal)

Costs
( Cost Proposal)

Conclusion

Appendixes
 Informal Proposal
• Introduction
• Background, problem, purpose

• Proposal, plan, schedule

• Staffing
• Budget
• Conclusion or authorization
 Formal Proposal
• Copy of RFP (optional) • Background, problem, purpose

• Letter of transmittal (optional) • Proposal, plan, schedule

• Abstract or summary • Staffing
• Title page • Budget
• Table of contents • Authorization

• List of figures • Appendix

• Introduction of body
 Formal Bussiness Report
• Definition: A formal report is a document in which the writer analyzes
findings, draws conclusions, and makes recommendations intended
to solve a problem.

• Formal reports and formal proposals are similar in length,

organization, and tone.

• However, unlike proposals, formal reports do not make an offer or

respond to an RFP.
 Gathering Information
From Secondary Sources
Research Databases

• ABI/INFORM Complete (ProQuest)

• Factiva (Dow Jones)

• JSTOR Business

• Business Source Premier (EBSCO)

• LexisNexis Academic
 Gathering Information
From Secondary Sources
Print Resources

• Books – rarely accessed by print catalog (mostly online)

• Periodicals – print indexes (now electronic indexes)

Conducting Primary Research

• Surveys

• Interviews

• Observation and experimentation

 Documenting Information
To avoid plagiarism, you must give credit whenever you use the following:

• Another person’s ideas, opinions, examples, or theory

• Any facts, statistics, charts, and drawings that are not common knowledge

• Another person’s exact spoken or written words

• Paraphrases of another person’s spoken or written words

• Visuals, images, and any kind of electronic media

 Documenting Information

• Practice the fine art of paraphrasing

• How to avoid copyright infringement

 Documetation Format
American Psychological Association (APA)

• Author’s name, date of publication, and page number placed near the
text reference (Jones, 2015, p. 99)
• Complete list of sources in References

Modern Language Association

• Complete list of sources in Works Cited

Creating Meaningful Visual Aids and Graphics

Graphics fulfill the following functions:

1. Clarify data

2. Create visual interest

3. Condense and simplify data

4. Make numerical data meaningful

Creating Meaningful Visual Aids and Graphics

• Tables show exact figures and values.

• Bar charts compare related items.

• Line charts demonstrate changes in quantitative data over time.

• Pie charts show a whole unit and the proportion of its units.

• Flow charts display a process or procedure.

• Organization charts define a hierarchy of elements.

 Formal Report Components

• Cover and title page • Body or report

• Letter or memo of transmittal • Conclusions

• Table of contents, list of illustrations

• Recommendations

• Executive summary
• Appendix
• Introduction
• Works Cited or References
THE END