Battery Thermal

Management Systems
of Electric Vehicles

Jay Pandurang Waghamode

Final Year Mechanical Engineering
17121210
Index
01. Introduction 02. Lithium-ion
Battery & Thermal
Issues of Li-ion
battery

03. What is BTMS 04. System Function 05. Key Feature’s

2 Seminar 5 January 2021

Introduction
• There are nowadays different types of hybrid
electric vehicle and pure electric vehicle available
on the current automobile market.
• Unlike conventional fuel, battery cells as an energy
source have stricter requirement on working
environment.
• They are especially sensitive to temperature.
• To provide required environment BTMS is used in
EV’s.

3 Seminar 5 January 2021

 Lithium-ion Battery

• A lithium-ion battery consists of an anode, cathode

and electrolyte as well as a separator.
• The anode, is the oxidized electrode which
removes electrons to the external circuit during
discharging.
• Li-ion battery is rechargeable which means its
electrochemical reactions are reversible.
• Lithium ions disperse from the negative to the
positive when discharging and go in reverse when
charging.

Schematic Diagram of Lithium-ion Battery

4 Seminar 5 January 2021

Thermal Issues of Li-ion battery

• Lithium-Ion cells work well when cells operate

within limited voltage and temperature. Otherwise,
damage will occur to the cells and will be
irreversible.
• The decrease of the operating temperature will
reduce reaction rate and the capacity of carrying
current during charging or discharging.
• The increase of the operating temperature will also
reduce capacity of battery.

5 Seminar 5 January 2021

What is BTMS ?
• BTMS is Battery Thermal Management System for
EV’s.
• To ensure a proper thermal working environment in
Battery cells.
• BTMS includes cooling as well as heating of battery
cells.
• The performance and durability of battery pack can
be maximized in an electric vehicle.

6 Seminar 5 January 2021

Systems Functions
• Cooling
• Heating
• Insulation
• Ventilation

Air Cooling

7 Seminar 5 January 2021

Cooling

1. Air cooling
2. Liquid cooling
3. Phase change material (PCM)

Toyota Prius Battery Pack with Air Cooling

8 Seminar 5 January 2021

 Liquid Cooling of Battery Module Phase change material (PCM)

9 Seminar 1/13/21
Heating

1. Self-internal heating:-
At low temperatures, the internal resistance of the cells is higher, therefore more heat will be generated inside
the cells as they start to operate.
2. Convective heating:-
The batteries themselves will supply an electric heater and a fan. The air is blown by the fan over the electric
heater and the cells which warm the cells up by convective heat transfer. The convective method is the fastest way of heating.

10 Seminar 5 January 2021

 3. Mutual pulse heating:-
The batteries are split into two groups. One group is discharged to charge the other group of
batteries. This cycle is alternatingly repeated between the two groups. This method is faster than self-internal
heating and it provides more reliable and uniform heating compared to convective heating. This method uses
least battery capacity than the other two. The downside is the cost due to a more complex control system.

11 Seminar 5 January 2021

Key Feature’s

• Thermal management system has been used for high

power batteries for electric vehicles.
• The performance and durability of battery pack can
be maximized in an electric vehicle.
• The battery thermal management system was able to
dissipate 400 W per module while maintaining the cell
temperature below the 55 °C limit, with a cold plate
coolant (water) inlet temperature of 25 °C in water • BTMS has wide range of function systems which are
cooled system. useful for different application.

• BTMS is useful for both warm as well as cold

environment, maintain temperature of 20 °C to 25 °C.

12 Seminar 5 January 2021

Thank you

Jay Pandurang Waghamode

jaywaghamode5577@gmail.com