ASSSALAMU’ALAIKUM

SIFAT FLUIDA DAN STEAM TABEL (2)

Prodi : Teknologi Kimia Industri
Jurusan Teknik
Kimia Negeri Sriwijaya
Politeknik

Dr.Ir.H.Muhammad Yerizam, M.T

Minggu ke : 13
Pertemuan: 25
How to Read a Steam Table
CASE :
1.Saturated steam tables
2.Two format: Pressure based and
temperatur based
3.Different Units: Gauge Pressure and
Absolute Pressure
4.Superheated Steam Tables
How to Read a Steam Table

Just as a map (or GPS navigation system)

is necessary when driving in a new area or
a flight timetable is indispensable when
taking the plane, steam tables are essential
to steam users in industry. This article will
introduce steam tables, pointing out the
different types and offering an overview of
the different elements found within them.
 Saturated Steam Tables
A saturated steam table is an indispensable tool for any engineer
working with steam. It's typically used to determine saturated steam
temperature from steam pressure, or the opposite: pressure from
saturated steam temperature. In addition to pressure and temperature,
these tables usually include other related values such as specific
enthalpy (h) and specific volume (v).

The data found in a saturated steam table always refers to steam at a

particular saturation point, also known as the boiling point. This is the
point where water (liquid) and steam (gas) can coexist at the same
temperature and pressure. Because H2O can be either liquid or gas at its
saturation point, two sets of data are required: data for saturated water
(liquid), which is typically marked with an "f" in subscript, and data for
saturated steam (gas), which is typically marked using a "g" in subscript.
Heating processes using steam generally
use the latent heat of evaporation (Hfg) to
heat the product. As seen in the table, this
latent heat of evaporation is greatest at
lower pressures. As saturated steam
pressure rises, the latent heat of evaporation
gradually decreases until it reaches 0 at
supercritical pressure, i.e. 22.06 MPa (3200
psi).
Two Formats: Pressure Based and
Temperature Based

Since saturated steam pressure and saturated

steam temperature are directly related to one
another, saturated steam tables are generally
available in two different formats: based on
pressure and based on temperature. Both types
contain the same data that is simply sorted
differently.
Different Units: Gauge Pressure and
Absolute Pressure

Saturated steam tables can also use two

different types of pressure: absolute pressure
and gauge pressure.
Absolute pressure is zero-referenced against
a perfect vacuum.
Gauge pressure is zero-referenced against
atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa, or 14.7 psi).
Gauge pressure was created because it is often easier to
reference measured pressure against the pressure we
normally experience.
Steam tables based on gauge pressure indicate
atmospheric pressure as 0, while steam tables based on
absolute pressure indicate it as 101.3 kPa (14.7 psi). Also,
to distinguish gauge pressure from absolute pressure, a "g"
is typically added to the end of the pressure unit, for
example kPaG or psig.

Converting Gauge Units to Absolute Units

For SI Units
Steam Pressure [kPa abs] = Steam Pressure [kPaG] +
101.3 kPa
For Imperial Units
Steam Pressure [psi abs] = Steam Pressure [psiG] + 14.7
psi
Important note: Problems can easily occur when
absolute pressure is mistaken for gauge pressure
(or vice versa), so it is always extremely important
to pay close attention to the pressure units used in
the table.

Summary Table
Gauge pressure:
Zero-referenced against Atmospheric Pressure*
Zero pressure = Atmospheric Pressure
Absolute pressure:
Zero-referenced against Absolute Pressure
Zero pressure = Perfect Vacuum

*
Atmospheric pressure is 101.3 kPa (14.7 psi)
Superheated Steam Tables
Values related to superheated steam cannot be
obtained through a regular saturated steam table,
but rather require the use of a Superheated Steam
Table. This is because the temperature of
superheated steam, unlike saturated steam, can
vary considerably for a same pressure.

In fact, the number of possible temperature-

pressure combinations is so great that it would be
virtually impossible to gather them all in a single
table. As a result, a large number of superheated
steam tables use representative pressure-
temperature values to form a summary table.
The above superheated steam table contains data about Specific Volume
(Vg), Specific Enthalpy (Hg) and Specific Heat (Sg) at typical values of pressure
and temperature.
 SELESAI
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