Arduino 

base hardware
Equipments
COURSE NAME: WIRELESS NETWORKING LAB
COURSE NO: CSE440

Prepared By, Submitted to,

Md Sabbir Ahmed (16173103063) Adeeba Anis
Dipto Ranjan Mondol (16173103067) Lecturer
Abdul Kader Shohan (16173103090)
Department of CSE(BUBT)
  ARDUINO UNO 
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform
based on easy-to-use hardware and
software. Arduino boards are able to read
inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button,
or a Twitter message - and turn it into an output
- activating a motor, turning on an LED,
publishing something online.
  BREADBOARD 

A breadboard is a rectangular plastic board with a

bunch of tiny holes in it. These holes let you easily
insert electronic components to prototype (meaning
to build and test an early version of) an electronic
circuit, like this one with a battery, switch, resistor,
and an LED (light-emitting diode).
power supply uses a transformer to reduce the voltage. The ratio of primary windings (connected to the mains) to the number of secondary windings (connected to the output) would give the ratio of ho

 POWER SUPPLY
A power supply is used to reduce the mains electricity at
240 volts AC down to some thing more useable, say 12
volts DC. There are two types of power supply, linear and
switch mode. A linear power supply uses a transformer to
reduce the voltage.A switch mode supply works by
turning the mains electricity on and off very quickly to
reduce the voltage.
 POTENTIOMETER 

A potentiometer is a passive electronic

components Potentiometers work by varying the
position of a sliding contact across a uniform
resistance. In a potentiometer, the entire input
voltage is applied across the whole length of the
resistor, and the output voltage is the voltage drop
between the fixed and sliding contact.
 RESISTOR
Resistor controls the collector current passing in the
transistor and affects the bais point . So according to
the specific amplification (GAIN) the designer
wanted has choosen this resistor to be 10k using the
basic transistor equations
  DC MOTOR 
A DC motor is an electrical machine which converts
electrical energy into mechanical energy. The basic
working principle of the DC motor is that whenever a
current carrying conductor places in the magnetic field, it
experiences a mechanical force.
  PN2222 TRANSISTOR
A small transistor like the PN2222 can be used as a
switch that uses just a little current from
the Arduino digital output to control the much bigger
current of the motor. The transistor has three leads. ...
Just like when using an LED, this limits the current
flowing into the transistor through the base.
 CAPACITOR

Capacitors are widely used as parts of electrical

circuits in many common electrical devices.
Unlike a resistor, a capacitor does not dissipate
energy. Instead, a capacitor stores energy in the
form of an electrostatic field between its plates.
 DIODE

The most common function of a diode is to

allow an electric current to pass in one direction
(called the diode's forward direction), while
blocking it in the opposite direction (the reverse
direction). ... Forms of rectifiers, diodes can be
used for such tasks as extracting modulation
from radio signals in radio receivers.
 INDUCTOR

An inductor is a passive electronic component

which is capable of storing electrical energy in the
form of magnetic energy. Basically, it uses a
conductor that is wound into a coil, and when
electricity flows into the coil from the left to the right,
this will generate a magnetic field in the clockwise
direction.
  DIGITAL MULTIMETER
A digital multimeter is an indispensable tool
for testing, diagnosing, and troubleshooting
electrical circuits, components, and devices.
It’s used primarily to measure voltage (volts),
current (amps), and resistance (ohms).
 VIBRATION MOTOR

An eccentric rotating mass vibration motor (ERM) uses a

small unbalanced mass on a DC motor when it rotates it
creates a force that translates to vibrations. A linear
resonant actuator (LRA) contains a small internal mass
attached to a spring, which creates a force when driven.
 16X2 LCD DISPLAY 
An LCD is an electronic display module that uses
liquid crystal to produce a visible image. The 16×2
LCD display is a very basic module commonly used
in DIYs and circuits. The 16×2 translates o a display
16 characters per line in 2 such lines. In this LCD
each character is displayed in a 5×7 pixel matrix
 SENSOR

1. HC- SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

2. PIR motion sensor
3. Proximity sensor 
4. IR sensor 
5. Photoresistor sensor
6. gas sensor 
  HC-SR04 ULTRASONIC SENSOR 

The HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor uses sonar to

determine the distance of an object just like the
bats do. It offers excellent non-contact range
detection with high accuracy and stable readings
in an easy-to-use package from 2 cm to 400 cm or
1” to 13 feet.
  PIR MOTION SENSOR
PIR sensors allow you to sense motion, almost
always used to detect whether a human has moved in
or out of the sensors range. They are small,
inexpensive, low-power, easy to use and don't wear
out. For that reason they are commonly found in
appliances and gadgets used in homes or businesses.
 PROXIMITY SENSOR 
A proximity sensor is a non-contact sensor
that detects the presence of an object
(often referred to as the “target”) when the
target enters the sensor's field. Depending
on the type of proximity sensor, sound,
light, infrared radiation (IR), or
electromagnetic fields may be utilized by
the sensor to detect a target
  IR SENSOR 

IR sensor is an electronic instrument that

scans IR signals in specific frequency ranges defined
by standards and converts them to electric signals on
its output pin (typically called signal pin).
 PHOTORESISTOR SENSOR

When light hits the photoresistor, the photons

from the light excite the electrons in the valence
band, increasing their energy levels and
allowing them to cross the energy gap to the
conduction band. Because more electrons are
then available to conduct electricity the
resistance of the photoresistor drops.
 GAS SENSOR

A gas sensor is a device which detects the

presence or concentration of gases in the
atmosphere. Based on the concentration of
the gas the sensor produces a corresponding
potential difference by changing the resistance of
the material inside the sensor, which can be
measured as output voltage.