THE COGNITIVE PROCESS

Subject : Facilitating Learning

Topic: The Cognitive Process
References/Sources: Facilitating Human Learning( Aquino A.M.,2009)
 Cognition is important in human learning. Many of the
task as well as our activities and responsibilities in personal
and professional life require our cognitive abilities.

Cognition involves various intellectual processes (such as

perception, memory thinking and language) through which
information is obtained, transformed, stored retrieved and
used.

Cognition is a way of processing information, an active

process, and a useful process.
THE COMPLEX PROCESS OF COGNITION

Perception
Attention
Memory
 Language
Reasoning
Decision-making
Problem-Solving
COGNITIVE PROCESS OF EXPERTS AND EXPERTS SYSTEM

Special Knowledge-
Domain Specificity-
Analogical Reasoning-
Expert System-
Creativity
 5 BASIC UNITS OF COGNITION

1. Concepts –building blocks of cognition, it is general labels

that we attach to categories of things and information that
share common characteristics.
The following are associated with the development of concept.

Positive instances account for the examples.

Negative instances account for non examples
Defining characteristics are those that have positive examples
Correlational characteristics' are those are those
characteristics that often occur but not very essential
Prototype pertain to typical examples that frequently occur
Exemplars are typical examples of something that come in
variation within the concept.
Relatedness of concepts occurs when students connect new
concepts to there prior knowledge.
 Concepts are arranged in a hierarchy, called conceptual
domains, these domains are superordinate, basic and
subordinate.
(Superordinate)

Vehicle

(Basic)

Car Bus Truck

(Subordinate)

Box Type Sports Car Coaster Shuttle Dump Trailer

….5 BASIC UNITS OF COGNITION
2. Propositions- composed of related concepts.
3. Schemata - general knowledge structures used for
understanding.

4. Production – basic unit of procedural knowledge.

Classical Approach-
Prototypical Approach
Exemplar Approach

5. Scripts- specific knowledge structures that contain the

sequence of events that usually occur in certain situations.
COGNITIVE STRATEGIES
-mental plans that we apply to manage our thinking
and behavior during problem solving or learning.

Student-centered instruction .Students must be actively

involved in the learning process.

Activating prior knowledge. Prior knowledge pays major

role in constructing meaning.

Social interactions. Social interactions are necessary

for students to develop authentic learning
Problem Solving. The creative process of solving a
problem happen when students themselves in
meaningful learning.

Elaboration . As much as possible we avoid the used

of memorization of basic facts . instead we
should require students to use those facts in
meaningful context.
Concept learning. Concept learning equates with
knowledge construction
Important to consider in concept learning

Using core knowledge-

Integration of concepts across curriculum
Provision of an open Ended curriculum
Provision of cognitive flexibility

Provision of cognitive apprenticeship

 _THE END_
Subject : Facilitating Learning
Topic: The Cognitive Process
References/Sources: Facilitating Human Learning( Aquino A.M.,2009)
 Example of Proposition

Coming from Cagayan, the newly hired teacher is

Miss Sullivan, who is found of wearing black skirt.

To analyze the statement ,we can break it down to workable units:

1. The newly hired teacher is Ms.Sullivan.

2. Ms. Sullivan comes from Cagayan.
3. Ms. Sullivan is fond of wearing black skirt.

Now consider the following statements:

1. The newly hired teacher is Ms.Sullivan.

2. Ms. Sullivan comes from Dagupan.
3. Ms. Sullivan is fond of wearing black skirt. BACK
 The Baubles

I was so amazed to see my daughter when she came

home one sultry afternoon. Her work as a nurse in the
hospital forced here to get a dorm where she could stay
after a toxic day. That afternoon, it was not her schedule to
come home; she brought some gifts for me because it was
my birthday. How happy I was to see my daughter with
some presents. She wanted me to open all the gifts. To my
surprise, there were baubles of various types and colors.
She told me , “ In different occasions, you can wear any of
them without worrying that they might be snatched or
lost .” She hugged me and said, “Happy birthday ,Ma.”

Now let us focus on the baubles. What do you know about baubles?
We can say that baubles are:

Not like bubbles

Small things of any sort
Small and worthless ornament
Use as decorations
Not so expensive materials for decorations
Things of little value
Things that are cute
Worn as attractive ornaments
Pieces of jewelry
Pair of earrings
Necklaces
And others

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