ABDOMEN 9

Dr.Bushra Haseeb
BDS,RDS
Demonstrator in Dental Section Azra Naheed Medical College
 PANCREAS

An organ that functions mostly to:

i. Regulate blood sugar levels
ii. Secreting the hormones insulin, glucagon,
somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide
LOCATION:
• With the exception of the tail of the pancreas,
it is a retroperitoneal organ, 
• Located deep within the upper abdomen in
the epigastrium and left
hypochondrium regions.
Anatomical Structure
• The pancreas is typically divided into five parts:
1) Head – the widest part of the pancreas. It lies
within the C-shaped curve created by the
duodenum
2) Uncinate process – a projection arising from the
lower part of the head and extending medially to
lie beneath the body of the pancreas.
3) Neck – located between the head and the body
of the pancreas.
4) Body – centrally located, crossing the midline of
the human body to lie behind the stomach
5) Tail – the left end of the pancreas that lies within
close proximity to the hilum of the spleen.
 RELATIONS
ANTERIORLY (From right to left) POSTERIORLY (From right to left)

 Transverse colon  Bile duct

 Attachment of transverse mesocolon  Portal Vein And Splenic vein
 Lesser sac  Inferior vena cava
 Stomach  Aorta and Origin of SMA
 Left psoas Muscle
 Left suprarenal gland
 Left kidney
DUCTAL SYSTEM
Main / Major Pancreatic Duct Accessory Pancreatic duct

 The pancreatic duct, or duct of Wirsung (also, the  Most people have just one pancreatic duct. However,
major pancreatic duct) is a duct joining the pancreas some have an additional accessory pancreatic duct,
to the common bile duct to supply pancreatic juice called the Duct of Santorini
provided from the pancreas, which aids in digestion.

 Opens into Major duodenal papilla of duodenum  Opens into minor duodenal papilla of Duodenum

 Begins at the tail  Begins in lower part of head

 The pancreatic duct unites with CBD forming

the hepatopancreatic ampulla of
Vater/hepatopancreatic duct. This then opens into
the duodenum via the major duodenal papilla.

 Secretions into the duodenum are controlled by a

muscular valve – the sphincter of Oddi. It surrounds
the ampulla of Vater, acting as a valve.
ATERIAL SUPPLY VENOUS DRAINAGE LYMPH DRAINAGE NERVE SUPPLY
1) Splenic artery. 1) Head of the pancreas  Pancreatosplenic and  Parasympathetic and
into the superior pyloric nodes, which in Sympathetic vagal nerve
mesenteric turn drain into the fibers supply the area
branches of the superior mesenteric and
 hepatic portal vein. coeliac lymph nodes.
2) The rest of the
pancreas drains via
pancreatic veins into
the splenic vein.

2) Head is additionally
supplied by
the superior and inferior
pancreaticoduodenal
arteries 
 Clinical Anatomy
• PANCREATITIS (Inflammation of pancreas)
i. Upper abdominal pain.
ii. Abdominal pain that radiates to your back.
iii. Abdominal pain that feels worse after eating.
iv. Fever.
v. Rapid pulse.
vi. Nausea & Vomiting.
vii. Tenderness when touching the abdomen

• PANCREATIC TUMOR
• Pancreatic cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the
pancreas. Smoking and health history can affect the risk of pancreatic cancer. Signs and
symptoms of pancreatic cancer include jaundice, pain, and weight loss
Diabetes and Pancreas
• A direct connection exists between the pancreas and diabetes.
• Pancreas produce Insulin
• If your pancreas doesn’t make enough insulin or doesn’t make good
use of it, glucose builds up in your bloodstream, leaving your cells
starved for energy.

In type 1 diabetes the immune system erroneously attacks the beta
cells that produce insulin in your pancreas. It causes permanent
damage, leaving your pancreas unable to produce insulin.
In Type 2 diabetes starts with insulin resistance. That means your
body no longer uses insulin well, so your blood glucose levels can
become too high or too low.
 IMPORTANT VESSELS OF ABDOMEN
• The abdominal aorta is a continuation of the descending thoracic aorta.
• It supplies all of the abdominal organs, and its terminal branches go on to
supply the pelvis and lower limbs.
• It also supplies the undersurface of the diaphragm and parts of
the abdominal wall.
• It begins at T12 and ends at L4, where it divides into the right and left
common iliac arteries.
• It enters the abdomen through the aortic opening of the diaphragm,
 Clinical anatomy
An aneurysm refers to a weakening of
an artery wall that creates a bulge, or
distention, of the artery.
Most aneurysms do not show
symptoms and are not dangerous.
 However, at their most severe stage,
some can rupture, leading to life-
threatening internal bleeding.
An abdominal aorta aneurysm can lead
to massive GI Bleeding
THANKYOU 