Comparators

Comparators
Works on relative measurement
Definition-Is a device
 Pick up small variation in dimension
 Magnifies it
 Displays it by indicating devices
Use of comparators
In mass production
As laboratory standard
For inspection of newly purchased gauges
In selective assembly of parts
As a working gauge & inspection
Classification of comparators
Mechanical Comparator
Pneumatic comparator
Optical comparator
Electrical Comparator
Electronics Comparator
Combined comparator
Dial Gauge Indicator
Working principle-
Conversion of linear movement
into angular movement using
rack and pinion.
Gear train for magnification and
scale pointer as indicating device
Construction and working of dial gauge
indicator
R=Rack,A=Pinion
S= spring
A,B,C,D,E,F=Gears
P=plunger
G=Guide way
Po= pointer
Sc=Scale
H=Support with hair coil
spring
Construction and working
When plunger P moves up with rack R,gear A rotates
as shown .Linear movement is converted into angular
As A rotates, B also rotates which is in mesh with C, C
is on the same shaft as that of D.
When D rotates pinion E rotates To the center of E Po
is attached.
Pointer Po shows reading on the scale.
Sigma Comparator
Principle-
Two rectangular blocks
out of which one is fixed
and other movable are
assembled as shown
The force is applied from
the top side it will give
angular deflection of θ
Plunger is mounted on a slit
washer to move up and down
for frictionless movements
A knief edge pivots on the
groove, whose lower edge is
on the moving block
Y-arm is attached to the
movable block as shown Y
arm is wounded on the small
drum of radius R with the
phoshorous bronze taps.
Working of sigma comparator
When plunger moves in downward direction knief
edge also moves in the same
Knief edge will give force on movable block this will
tend to deflect it by a small angle θ
Y arm causes change in position by rotating drum of
small radius ‘r’ The pointer is attached to the centre of
drum which will rotate and shows some reading on the
scale
The magnification of a comparator depends upon L,l,x
and r
Magnification=L*l/x*r
Pneumatic comparator
Working principle-
Back pressure gauge
Air flows with a constant
pressure through two orifices o1
and o2
P1 is upstream pressure of the
first orifice and P2 is the
pressure between two orifice.
P1 +P2 when O2 is blocked. Also
it tends to zero as O2 is blocked
Also it tends to zero as O2 is
increased upto ∞
P2 depends upon L
Pneumatic comparator
Construction & working of Pneumatic
comparator
Constuction
Uses high pressure air from
compressor
High pressure air pipe is connected
to gauging head
High pressure air is passing
through air filter
Manometer is used to measure
backpressure generated in the
system
Orifice is used in pipeline between
dip tube and manometer for
avoiding backpressure to be
discharged in compressor line.
Working
Water is filled in tank and
dip tube is inserted upto
level H
High pressure and excess air
may bubble out in water
tank
Air flows through control
orifice to gauging head
Because of restrictions given
by gauging head back
pressure is exerted on the air
Back pressure
generated is shown by
manometer i.e.by
height difference ∂h
The manometer
height can be
calibrated by using
standard gauging
heads and jobs