Ebola

Ebola virus
virus
(HeV)
(HeV) and
and (NiV)
(NiV) altered
altered mental
mental status
status
Motor
Motor Deficits,
Deficits, behavioral
behavioral
Confusion,
Confusion, Febrile
Febrile disturbance
disturbance
encephalitic
encephalitic hallucinations,
hallucinations,
Syndrome,
Syndrome, Seizures,
Seizures, headache,
headache, seizures,
seizures,
and
and reduced
reduced meningismus,
meningismus,
consciousness
consciousness tinnitus,
tinnitus, hearing
hearing loss,
loss,
and
and blindness
blindness

Encephalitis
Viral Infection Intrinsic
Intrinsic immunity
immunity
Encephalitis Results In Activates
Meningitis
Meningitis Innate
Innate immunity
immunity
Myelitis
Myelitis Acquired
Acquired immunity
immunity

(VZV)
(VZV) Influenza
Influenza Virus
Virus AA
Altered
Altered Mental
Mental Status,
Status,
(HSV) Encephalitis,
Encephalitis, Febrile
Febrile
Focal
Focal Neurologic
Neurologic Signs,
Signs,
Dysphasia, Seizure, Acute
Seizure, Acute
Cranial
Cranial Neuropathies,
Neuropathies,
Seizures, Cranial Necrotizing
Necrotizing
And
And Sometimes
Sometimes
Neuropathies, Encephalopathy
Encephalopathy
Seizures
Seizures
And Other Focal
 Ebola virus
altered mental status
behavioral
disturbance
hallucinations,
headache, seizures,
meningismus,
tinnitus, hearing loss,
and blindness

Influenza Virus A
Encephalitis, Febrile
Seizure, Acute
Necrotizing
Encephalopathy

(HSV)
Dysphasia,
Seizures, Cranial
Neuropathies,
And Other Focal
Neurologic
Deficits
 (HeV) (NiV) Ebola virus
Motor Deficits, Altered Mental Status,
Confusion, Febrile Behavioral Disturbance,
Encephalitic Hallucinations,
Syndrome, Seizures, Headache, Seizures,
And Reduced Meningismus, Hearing
Consciousness Loss, And Blindness

Viral Intrinsic,
Encephalitis Results In Activates
Meningitis
Infections Of Innate, &
Brain Acquired
Myelitis
immunity

(VZV) Influenza Virus A

Altered Mental Status, Encephalitis, Febrile
(HSV)
Focal Neurologic Signs, Seizure, Acute
Dysphasia,
Cranial Neuropathies, Necrotizing
Seizures, Cranial
And Sometimes Encephalopathy
Neuropathies,
Seizures
And Other Focal
Neurologic
 Through skin, Respiratory Tract,
1st Replication Of Virus
Gastrointestinal Tract or genital tract.

Tropism (either cell or organ

tropism)

Evasion Of Host’s Inflammatory And

2nd Replication Of Virus
Immune Defenses

Carried To The Adjacent (Local)

Lymph Nodes From Epithelial
Surfaces

Targeted Migration Of Virus Within Directional Shedding Of Viruses From

Phagocytic Leukocytes The Infected Epithelium.

Spread To The Bloodstream In

Efferent Lymph
Entry of virus into Host’s Body
(GIT, Skin, RT, GT)

Tropism (either cell or organ

tropism)

Carried To The Adjacent (Local)

Lymph Nodes From Epithelial
Surfaces

Spread To The Bloodstream In

 Virus t.
or genital trac

(e ithe r c e ll or organ
Tropism
tropism)

st’s
Evasion Of Ho
And
n Of Inflammatory
2nd Replicatio nses
Virus Immune Defe

e A d ja c e nt Lymph
Carried To Th li al Surfaces
m E pit he
Nodes Fro

edding
ration Directional Sh
Targeted Mig m The
Of Virus With
in Of Viruses Fro
fec ted Ep ith elium.
Phagocytic In
Leukocytes
T he Bl oo dstream In
Spread To h
Efferent Lymp

ia
Primary Virem
emia
Secondary Vir
 Apoptosis, Inflammation,
Inflammation Induced Damaged BBB Dampened
Immune System Oxidative Stress, Excitotoxicity

Infected Hematopoietic
Viruses Slip Through
Cells (Trojan Horses)
The Cracks Into The CNS Through Peripheral
Via The Blood Supply
Motor Neurons E.G.,
Rabies And Poliovirus
Choroid Plexus And Brain Infection Through Olfactory
Circumventricular Nerves E.G., HSV-1,
Organs Nipah Virus
Target Vascular
Endothelial Cells

Direct Indirect
Pathways
 Ebola virus

Entry to the small

lesions
Infected
Infected dendritic cells
monocytes

Dysregulated
Costimulation
Tissue factor
Cytokines, Premature Contraction
TNF α
chemokine by apoptosis
IL-6

Impaired immune
Cascade coagulations response
Disseminated
intravascular
coagulation

Hemorrhagic fever
 Virus-like Ebola Virus Hemorrhagic
Particles Fever
VP40 gp1,2

Deregulation Of
Disrupted Coagulation
Endothelial Cells & Cascade
Barrier Function Transmigration Of
Ebola Virus Into
Monocytes or Extrinsic Tissue
Macrophages Factor (TF) By
Immune Response
Myeloid Cells
IL6 IL2 TNF α
TNF α IL1β
Micro-thrombi
Abnormal Hemorrhagic And Related Fibrin
Implication In Fever Deposition In The
Coagulation System Microvasculature

Traumatic Brain Lymphoid Cell Multiple Organ

Injury Apoptosis Failure Ensues
 HSV

HSV infection in the

brain due to peripheral Frontal cortex
reactivation
3 Hippocampus
HSV 4 cerebellum

Proinflammatory cytokines

Oral HSV
Trigeminal Neuron CSF
ganglion Astrocytes
Enters into the BDNF Immune suppression
blood stream T-cells Fever, stress
IL-6

IL-8

CCL 4

Monocytes Virus enters neuron

anterotrograde
transport to ganglion
and virus spread
 Latent Infection Apoptosis Herpes Simplex
In Trigeminal Hippocampal Herpes Simplex
Virus
Ganglion Neurons Virus Inhibited
Autophagy

Olfactory Neurons
Entry Through Beclin-1 CSF
+ HSV
Sustained
Latency Of
Infected IFN-
α
Cells
HSV Immune suppression
TLR3
By Glia And Neuron
Recognition Of HSV

IL-1β
TLR-dependent

IFNγ
TNFα
IFN I Disrupt Lytic
IL-6 the BBB Neuronal
Death
 HeV

Olfactory epithelium
Enter in the body
through nasal cavity Enter into the brain
Then seen in to the through olfactory nerve Motor Deficits, Confusion,
lungs, then enter Febrile encephalitic
anterograde
into the blood Syndrome, Seizures, and
transport
stream reduced consciousness
Receptor of bipolar
neuron
 VZV

T-cell Altered Mental Status,

viremia Dorsal root Focal Neurologic
Spinal cord
ganglion Reactivation Signs, Cranial
Primary skin skin infection Neuropathies, And
infection Retrograde Sometimes Seizures
anterograde
transport transport
varicella latency zoster
 Nipah Virus

 A-typical
TNF α
Pneumonia,
 Coughing Along
Damage Of BBB IL1B
With Respiratory
Distress Damaged
BBB,
NiV in alveoli of lungs Encephalitis,
then seen in the seizures lead
endothelium of lungs to coma

Enters in brain
through olfactory
nerve

Enters in blood
stream