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Introduction To Awsn
Introduction To Awsn
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Ad Hoc Networks
An ad hoc network is a temporary connection
between computers and devices used for a
specific purpose, such as sharing documents
during a meeting or playing multiplayer computer
games.
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Characteristics
No fixed infrastructure
Auto-configurable network and Self organizing
Dynamic changing topology
Mobile devices join/leave the network unexpectedly;
they can also move freely
Energy-constrained-limited energy
Limited bandwidth
Autonomous-
- Each node also serves as router
Help to relay packets received from neighbors
Multihop Communication
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1)Distributed operation: There is no background network for the central control of the network
operations, the control of the network is distributed among the nodes. The nodes involved in a
adhoc should cooperate with each other and communicate among themselves and each node
acts as a relay as needed, to implement specific functions such as routing and security.
2) Multi hop routing: When a node tries to send information to other nodes which is out of its
communication range, the packet should be forwarded via one or more intermediate nodes.
3) Autonomous terminal: In adhoc, each mobile node is an independent node, which could
function as both a host and a router.
4) Dynamic topology: Nodes are free to move arbitrarily with different speeds; thus, the network
topology may change randomly and at unpredictable time. The nodes in the MANET dynamically
establish routing among themselves as they travel around, establishing their own network.
5) Light-weight terminals: In maximum cases, the nodes at adhoc are mobile with less CPU
capability, low power storage and small memory size.
6) No infrastructure: The adhoc network is infrasctureless network which means they are not
depended on any infrastructure.
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8)-Energy Constraint-Limited energy because of dependent on battery.
Comparison
ADHOC vs. Wired networks
In MANETs, each node also works as router for
forwarding packets
In wired networks, routers perform routing task
ADHOCs vs. Managed wireless networks
No infrastructure in MANETs
Special node known as access point (AP) in
managed wireless networks
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Applications
Military arena: An ad hoc networking will allow the military battleground to
maintain an information network among the soldiers, vehicles and headquarters
Provincial level: Ad hoc networks can build instant link between multimedia
network using notebook computers or palmtop computers to spread and share
information among participants (e.g. Conferences).
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Types of Ad Hoc Networks
MANET
WSN
WMN
VANET
s
A MANET
Mobile Adhoc Network
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http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~xuemingq/research.html
Mobile Devices
Laptop computers
Pagers, cellular phones, PDAs
In-car navigators -Dash Express
Dash units talk to each other and form
a network that connects to the Internet
Traffic speed data is sent back to the
company, then broadcast back to all local
dash units
Sensors
……
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Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)
An emerging application area for MANETs
A collection of cheap to manufacture, stationary,
tiny sensors
Network lifetime -- power as a major driving
issue
Battlefield surveillance, environment monitoring,
health care, etc.
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WSN Example
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http://www.alicosystems.com/wireless%20sensor.htm
Other MANETs applications
Collaborative work
Crisis-management applications
Personal Area Networking (PAN)
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MANET
A Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of autonomous nodes or
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Difference between Cellular and Ad-
hoc Networks
Cellular Networks Ad-hoc Networks
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Challenges/Issues in Adhoc
No infrastructure
Peer-to-peer architecture with multi-hop routing
Mobile device physical vulnerability
Stringent resource constraints
Wireless medium
Node mobility
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Threats
Attacks
External
attacks
Internal attacks
Passive attacks
Active attacks
Misbehavior
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MANET Routing Protocols
Topology-based approaches
Proactive routing (table
driven)
Reactive routing (on demand)
Hybrid routing
Position-based approaches
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Comparison
Proactive routing
Proactive routing protocols are also called as
table
driven routing protocols.
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DSR vs. AODV
Dynamic source routing (DSR)
Source broadcasts RREQ through the network
Intermediate nodes add its address to RREQ and continue
broadcasting until RREP received
Full path chosen by source and put into each packet sent
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Route Discovery in DSR
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Route Reply travels along the reverse path set-up when Route
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AODV Forward path setup
RREQ arrives at a node that has current route to the destination
Reverse Path
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