EROSION AND

RESERVOIR
SEDIMENTATIO
N
Anna Clariza M. Montanez
EROSION
 Erosion is a process that
describes continuous physical
and chemical events which
causes soil and rock on the
Earth's surface to loosen and
move to a new location.
VARIOUS CAUSES OF
EROSION

water ice
wind gravity waves
EFFECTS OF EROSION
Reduction of soil
fertility

Damage and
increased costs

Environmental
impacts
EFFECTS OF EROSION

 Reduction of soil fertility

Repeated erosion washes away the topsoil. The

top soil is loaded with nutrients and organic matter
critical for crop growth
 Damage and increased costs
Erosion leads to massive deposition of sediments on
roads, and railways. This may cut off transportation
lines. Costs will be incurred in regards to clearing away the
deposition on the transport lines to allow transportation to resume.

 Environmental impacts
Erosion leads to huge deposition of sediments into
drains. This may cause drainage problems. Water
sources such as rivers, streams, and 
lakes can be polluted through extensive inputs of
pesticides, nitrogen and phosphorous.
TYPES OF
EROSION Glacier Erosion

Wind Erosion

Water Erosion
 WATER EROSION

 Water plays a significant role in rock erosion since

it’s able to move these weathered materials from one
point to another. Moving water such as currents in
oceans or rivers plays a significant role in erosion
because they move materials from their primary
source to a separate location. 
 WIND EROSION

 Wind blows away weathered particles from

the source to other locations. Wind can also
speed up the erosional capability of water
 GLACIER EROSION

 Glacier is an enormous sheet of snow-covered

ice that slowly accumulates on a
mountain. When the ice below it starts to
melt, the glacier may start to move,
consequently, eroding the mountain. Glaciers
form in areas that are frequently covered by
snow. 
RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION
Reservoirs may broadly define as artificially created
water storage basins.
 The storage capacity that may range a few
thousand cubic meter to thousands of million cubic
meter.
Depending on the purpose of storage, Reservoirs are
classified into three main categories,
 1. Storage and conservation reservoirs.
 2. Flood control reservoirs.
 3. Distribution reservoirs.
RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION
 Rivers carry different types of sediments
down their riverbeds, allowing for the
formation of riverbanks, river deltas, alluvial
fans, braided rivers, oxbow lakes, and levees .
IMPACTS OF RESERVOIR
SEDIMENTATION 
 Reduce storage capacity.
 Decreased ability to produce
hydroelectric power.
 Reduced availability of water for
irrigation.
 Shortening of life of a reservoir.