RATIONALIZATION IN

CRIMINALISTICS
CHERVIN LOEWE B. NAVILLA, MSCJ (on-going)
1st Place, Criminology Licensure Exam (Oct. 2015)
Faculty Member, PCCr
 PERSONAL
IDENTIFICATION
What basic principle is involved in personal Identification
which states that the greater the number of similarity or
difference the greater the probability for the identity or
none identity to be conclusive?

A. Law of individuality

B. Law of multiplicity of evidence

C. Law of infallibility

D. Law of constancy
This refers to the study of fingerprints for the purpose of
identification.

A. Dactyloscopy

B. Dactylography

C. Podoscopy

D. Poroscopy
What is the science of palm print identification?

A. Chiroscopy

B. Poroscopy

C. Podoscopy

D. Astrology
How many standard fingerprint patterns are there?

A. Three

B. Eight

C. Two

D. Nine
In Dactyloscopy, if we say a person has a polydactyl
hand, he has______ ?

A. Extra hand

B. Extra finger

C. Extra Nails

D. Extra Hair
The core and delta are also termed as _____?

A. Inner Terminus

B. Outer Terminus

C. Focal Point

D. Pattern Area
These are depressions or canals between the ridges of a
fingerprint which maybe compared with the low area in a
tire tread.

A. None of these

B. Envelope

C. Furrows

D. Bifurcation
A forensic chemist is tasked to examine the chemical
nature and composition of the following EXCEPT:

A. fingerprint

B. explosives

C. blood

D. body fluids
Who used surgery to destroy his friction ridges
and was known as the Man without
fingerprint?

A. Robert James Pitts

B. Roscoe Pitts
C. John Dillenger
D. John Augustus
Who was that notorious gangster and a police character,
who attempted to erase his fingerprints by burning them
with acid but as time went by the ridges were again
restored to their “natural” feature.

A. Al Capone

B. OJ Simpson
C. John Dellinger
D. Billy the Kid
Who is that Geologist in New Mexico who adopted the
first individual use of fingerprint on August 8, 1882 by
using his own thumb prints as protection to prevent
tampering with the pay order he issued?

A. Alberto Reyes

B. Samuel Clemens
C. Gilbert Thompson
D. Henry De Forest
The first conviction in the Philippine Case which gives
recognition to the science of fingerprint?

A. People Vs. Medina

B. People Vs. Jennings

C. Miranda Vs. Arizona
D. West Case
Who is the British doctor who was a fellow of the royal
society and published the treatise entitled “De Extremo
Tactos Organo”?

A. Nehemia Grew

B. Johannes Purkinje
C. Francis Galton
D. Marcelo Malphigi
The illegitimate mother of the two murdered children
whom she was accused because of the latent prints that
has been found on the scene of the crime. Who is that
person in which without his participation the case will not
be solve?
A. Francisca Rojas

B. Francis Galton
C. Juan Vucetich
D. Edward Henry
Patterns posses all the characteristics needed on the
investigation that may be bring light on a certain case.
What kind of sweat gland that can be found underneath
these patterns?

A. Sebaceous gland

B. Eccrine gland
C. Epecrine gland
D. Apocrine gland
Patterns posses all the characteristics needed on the
investigation that may be bring light on a certain case.
What kind of sweat gland that can be found underneath
these patterns?

A. Sebaceous gland

B. Eccrine gland
C. Epecrine gland
D. Apocrine gland
A British anthropologist and a cousin of Charles Darwin, who began his observations
of fingerprints as a means of identification in the 1880's. According to his calculations,
the odds of two individual fingerprints being the same were 1 in 64 billion. He
identified the characteristics by which fingerprints can be identified. These same
characteristics (minutia) are basically still in use today, and are often referred to as
Ridge Characteristics.

A. Alphonse Bertillon

B. Mark Twain
C. Francis Galton
D. Gilbert Thompson
On the night of August 2, 2010, a certain burglary happened on the store of a
Japanese Merchant. On the scene of the crime, laying the dead body of the victim
stained by his own blood and the presence of several evidences found including the
fingerprints of the three unidentified persons. If you are one of those three persons
whose fingerprints were found on the scene of the crime. What will be basis of the
investigators in case they will hold you as one of the responsible regarding the
commission of the crime?

A. the principle of individuality

B. principle of permanency
C. principle of infallibility
D. all of these
What is the Dogmatic Principle which postulates
that the fingerprint cannot be forged?

A. Principle of individuality

B. Principle of constancy/permanency
C. Principle of infallibility
D. All of these
It is said that the fingerprints of a person will be
carried from womb to tomb. What principle greatly
described the phrase?

A. the principle of individuality

B. principle of permanency
C. principle of infallibility
D. all of these
Ridge forms in the person’s fingers and feet during
its infants stage which usually starts:

A. 3rd to 4th months of the fetus life

B. 4th to 5th months of the fetus life

C. 5th to 6th months of the fetus life
D. 5th to 6th months after birth
It is located along the undersides of the fingers,
palms, toes, and soles appear corrugated skin
structure and is known to the biologists as?

A. friction skin

B. handprints
C. fingerprints
D. volar skin
It is located along the undersides of the fingers,
palms, toes, and soles appear corrugated skin
structure and is known to the biologists as?

A. friction skin

B. handprints
C. fingerprints
D. volar skin
It is located along the undersides of the fingers,
palms, toes, and soles appear corrugated skin
structure and is known to the biologists as?

A. friction skin

B. handprints
C. fingerprints
D. volar skin
A part of the whorl or loop where the cores, deltas
and ridges appear.

A. type line

B. bifurcation
C. pattern area
D. furrow
Which of the following best describes a loop
pattern?

A. presence of 1 sufficient recurving ridge

B. has a bifurcation as the delta

C. 1 core at the point of divergence
D. all of these
All BUT one, are the elements of a whorl
pattern?

A. Usually possessing a circular formation at the

center
B. Several patterns may be present
C. It may bear 2 or more deltas
D. None of these
In the distribution of percentage in the
fingerprint pattern, 35% is being represented
by what group?
A. Loop

B. Whorl
C. Arch
D. Radial Loop
What type of a pattern consists of two or more deltas,
one or more ridge forming a complete circuitry and when
an imaginary line is drawn from left delta to right delta it
touches or cross the circuiting ridge/s considered as the
most common type of whorl?
A. Plain Whorl
B. Central Pocket Loop
C. Double Loop Whorl
D. Accidental Whorl
What is the type of a pattern in which the looping or
slanting ridges flows towards the little finger?

A. Loop
B. Radial Loop
C. Ulnar Loop
D. Tented Arch
In an accidental whorl type of pattern, what pattern is not
included in the combination?

A. Ulnar Loop
B. Plain Whorl
C. Tented Arch
D. Plain Arch
What type of a pattern possesses an angle, an upthrust,
or two of the three basic characteristics of the loop?

A. Plain Arch
B. Tented Arch
C. Accidental Whorl
D. Ulnar Loop
A pattern possessing most of the elemental
characteristics of a whorl but became so special because
of its unique combination of two distinct loops. The
statement is referring to what type of pattern?

A. W
B. X
C. C
D. D
What are the fingerprints left on various surfaces at the
crime scene which are not clearly visible.

A. Plane impressions
B. Visible fingerprints
C. Rolled impressions
D. Latent fingerprints
What fingers are rolled towards the body in taking a
rolled impression?

A. both little finger

B. both thumb finger
C. all finger except thumb
D. both index finger
What is the innermost ridge that run parallel and
surrounds the pattern area?

A. type lines
B. criss-crossing ridges
C. long ridges
D. ridgeology
The forking or dividing of one line to two or more
branches is called_____.

A. Ridge
B. Island
C. Delta
D. Bifurcation
These kind of ridge characteristic is sometimes being
misinterpreted as a bifurcation because of its close
resemblance. This ridge is known as:

A. trifurcation
B. enclosure
C. island
D. converging ridge
The bifurcation which does not remain open but whose
legs after a long side by side for short distance, come
together to form a single ridge once more is referred to
as _____.

A. Enclosure
B. Converging ridges
C. Island ridge
D. Closed ridges
On the inside part of a pattern, there are so many ridges
present that would help the investigators in identifying a
certain pattern especially in dealing with a loop pattern.
One of these characteristic is sometimes known as the
railway tie.
A. Ridge hook
B. Ridge ending
C. Appendage
D. Bridge
When a ridge bifurcates, sending two ridges across the
imaginary line, how is it counted?

A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Six
What is the rule when there is a choice between a
bifurcation and other type of delta found in the
fingerprint?

A. Bifurcation is selected
B. the other type of delta is selected
C. Bifurcation is disregarded
D. the one towards the core is selected
Which of the following is not true about the value or the
importance of fingerprinting?

A. Serve to provide evidence

B. prevent criminal substitution
C. help identify victims of calamities like crime
D. speedily identifying the perpetrator
Fingerprints help to positively identify people because of
the principle that:

A. its pattern reveals racial origin

B. they are available in most places
C. no two persons have identical fingerprints
D. it can be lifted at the crime scene
A 32 over 32 would indicate all ___ patterns in primary
classification.

A. Whorl
B. Loop
C. Tented Arch
D. Radial Loop
A 32 over 32 would indicate all ___ patterns in primary
classification.

A. Whorl
B. Loop
C. Tented Arch
D. Radial Loop
It is placed just to the left of the primary in the
classification formula where whorls appear in the thumbs
following the whorl tracings subsecondary classification.

A. Subsecondary Division
B. Major Division
C. Key Division
D. Final Division
What is that portion of the fingerprint bounded by the
type lines where the characteristics needed for
interpretation/classification is found?

A. Loops
B. Ridges
C. Double Lines
D. Pattern Area
In ridge counting a plain whorl or central pocket loop
whorl in the little finger it is derived by:

A. Treating it as ulnar loop

B. Getting the ridge count of the top loop
C. Getting the least ridge count
D. Getting the delta opposite each hand
If the same digits of both hands are missing, the
impressions are held to be:

A. Plain whorl and ridge trace of meeting

B. Dependents on ridges tracing
C. Treated as an Ulnar Loop
D. Dependents on the classification of the print of the
finger
In the classification line, the order of the classification
formula should be

A. Primary, secondary, subsecondary, final, key,

major
B. Major, key, primary, secondary, subsecondary final
C. Key, major, primary, secondary, subsecondary,
final
D. Primary, secondary, subsecondary, major, key,
final
Mr. A applies for a job, and as a requirement he was advised to present
his NBI Clearance. On the way to the office of the NBI, he was
apprehensive that he will not be accommodated by the personnel
because of his two excess fingers in his right hand. The appearance of
his extra fingers is anatomically known as what?

A. Polydactylism
B. Extra ordinary fingers
C. Excess Finger
D. Deformities
Before the arrival of the DNA test team, personal identification
through fingerprints is most widely used around the country and
around the world in positively identifying person especially if the
subject is beyond recognition. The reason behind this lies on the
principle that:

A. Its pattern reveals racial origin

B. They are available in most places
C. It can be lifted at the crime scene
D. No two persons have identical fingerprints
 POLICE
PHOTOGRAPHY
When was the birth year of photography?

A. 1939
B. 1839
C. 1793
D. 1893
What country is the first who use photograph of crime scene in
court presentation?

A. Germany
B. US
C. Philippines
D. France
What is the positive result of the process of photography.

A. Photograph
B. Film
C. Cellulose
D. Negative Film
The study of the fundamentals of photography, its application to
police work and the preparation of photographic evidence:

A. Cinematography
B. Photograph
C. Forensic photography
D. Photography
What is considered as the utmost used of photography in police
work?

A. For identification
B. For preservation
C. For record purpose
D. For court presentation
A British scientist who made the first miniature cameras, the so-
called “mouse trap” cameras.

A. Joseph Nicephore Niepce

B. Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre
C. Willian Henry Fox Talbot
D. Sir John Herschel
William Fox Talbot invented what particular object which uses a
paper impregnated with light sensitive compounds.

A. Calotype
B. wet plate
C. Daguerreotype
D. Camera Obscura
In 1947 Edwin H. Land introduced the one step photography
also known as polariod. What will be produce by LASER?

A. Calotype
B. Holograms
C. Digital Camera
D. DSLR
What will be the lighting condition if you are going to take a
photograph using a film speed of ISO 200 and a shutter speed
of 1/250 with an aperture of f8?

A. Bright
B. Hazy
C. Dull
D. Open light
In crime scene photography, what view tends to show the extent
damage on the subject?

A. General View
B. Medium View
C. Close-up shot
D. Extreme Close-up shot
In crime scene photography, what view tends to show the four
angles of the possible entrance and exit point of the suspect?

A. General View
B. Medium View
C. Close-up shot
D. Extreme Close-up shot
Refers to the process of taking pictures with the use of
microscope.

A. Photomacrography
B. Macrophotography
C. Microphotography
D. Photomicrography
The bending of light around an object gives rise to the
phenomenon called

A. Attraction
B. Diffraction
C. Light Curve
D. Light fingerprint
A systematic arrangement of colors to give a pleasant effect.

A. color perception
B. color sensitivity
C. color accuracy
D. color harmony
Which kind of lights have wave lengths 30 -400?

A. Ultraviolet light
B. Visible light
C. X-ray
D. Infrared light
It is a lighting condition where object in open space cost a deep
and uniform or distinct shadow.

A. Bright sunlight
B. Hazy sunlight
C. Dull sunlight
D. Cloudy dull
The absence of all colors is black; white light is composed of the
three primary colors – blue, green and red. What is the sum total
of all colors of the rainbow?

A. Visible light
B. Light
C. White light
D. Rays
Objects that allow sufficient visible light to pass through them
that the object on the other side may be clearly seen.

A. Transparent
B. Translucent
C. Opaque
D. Filter
The changes in direction of light are conclusive whenever light
process from one medium to another. This is known as the
phenomenon of ________.

A. reflection
B. Diffraction
C. Transparent
D. Refraction
In outdoor photography, there will some instance that the
presence of light is too much that produces a dilemma to the
photographer. What do you think is the best way to do?

A. find another subject

B. use a much smaller lens opening
C. use a flash unit
D. move the subject into a well lighted position
Modern photographic papers are basically composed of a light
sensitive coating on a paper base which particularly suspended
on what substance?

A. emulsion
B. silver halides
C. bromide
D. gelatin
These are the components of a black and white film, EXCEPT:

A. emulsion
B. Gelatin
C. Anti halation backing
D. Base
What emulsion speed indicator is express in an arithmetic form?

A. ISO
B. DIN
C. ASA
D. GNP
What photo paper is ideal to be used in a normal exposed film?

A. #1
B. #3
C. #2
D. #4
What film is sensitive to all colors, EXCEPT RED.

A. Orthochromatic film
B. Panchromatic film
C. Chromatic film
D. Apochromatic film
These are made of plastic material support the emulsion layer, it
is particularly known as the base which can be found on the:

A. Base
B. Film
C. Anti-halation backing
D. Gray
A black and white films possess several characteristics such as
speed, spectral and granularity. The speed will be referring to
the sensitivity of the film to light, granularity is the graininess and
the spectral is the sensitivity to:

A. Spectrum
B. Wavelength
C. Electromagnetic energy
D. All of these
Which part of a camera is used in focusing the light from the
subject?

A. View finder
B. Lens
C. Shutter
D. Light tight box
This type of camera will eliminate the parallax error and it will
work well with all lenses. It is also an ideal camera to police
photography.

A. Twin reflex type

B. View or press camera type
C. View finder type
D. Single lens reflex type
What is referred to the effective length of time a camera’s
shutter is open?

A. Diaphragm opening
B. Shutter
C. Shutter Speed
D. Emulsion speed
What kind of diaphragm opening should a photographer used in
order to get a wider depth of field?

A. Wider
B. Shorter
C. Smaller
D. Longer
Refers to the range of illumination or the light allowed to affect
the sensitized material at a given time.

A. Exposure
B. Aperture
C. Shutter
D. Shutter speed
In photography using microprism, the image on focus will
usually shatter of an out of focus image and when it is exactly in
focus the prisms seems to disappear. These microprisms are
primarily found on:

A. Lens
B. Filter
C. Viewfinder
D. Groundglass
Ador was taking a snap shot and expecting it to be sharp but an
alteration happened to the expected image because it can be
seen in two viewpoints. What is that phenomenon?

A. Out of focus
B. Underexposure
C. Parallax
D. Split image
Is that part of the camera which controls the passage of light
reaching the sensitized material? It compared to the eyelid of
the human eye.

A. Lens
B. Shutter
C. Lens Opening
D. Film Plane
A lens with a focal length of less than the diagonal of its
negative material.

A. Telephoto lens
B. Long lens
C. Normal lens
D. Wide angle lens
A type of a lens that would make an object to be exaggeratedly
closes to the photographer and is ideal in stake out surveillance
photography. focal length of less than the diagonal of its
negative material.

A. Short Focus Lens

B. Telephoto Lens
C. Normal Focus lens
D. Wide angle lens
The photographer in crime scene investigation has to get as
many photographs as he can. The first shot that he should make
just after reaching the crime scene is the house where the crime
of murder was committed to one of its ten rooms. In getting the
façade of the house, what lens should he utilize?

A. Telephoto Lens
B. Macro Lens
C. Normal Focus lens
D. Wide angle lens
The Fish –eye lens is a special type of camera having a view
angle of:

A. 60 degrees
B. 180 degrees
C. 90 degrees
D. 360 degrees
The photographer in crime scene investigation has to get as
many photographs as he can. The first shot that he should make
just after reaching the crime scene is the house where the crime
of murder was committed to one of its ten rooms. In getting the
façade of the house, what lens should he utilize?

A. Telephoto Lens
B. Macro Lens
C. Normal Focus lens
D. Wide angle lens
It is caused by lens dispersion, with different colors of light
travelling at different speeds while passing through a lens.

A. Curvature of Field
B. Spherical Aberration
C. Chromatic Aberration
D. Coma
The distance between the nearest and the farthest object in
apparent sharp focus when the lens is focused at a given point.

A. Angle of view
B. Focal Length
C. Depth of Field
D. Focus
A distance at which lens of a camera is focused with a given
particular diaphragm opening which will give the maximum
depth of field is-

A. Focal Distance
B. Subject distance
C. Hyperfocal Distance
D. Focal Length
What is that process of eliminating unwanted portions of a
negative during enlarging process?

A. Dodging
B. Burning-in
C. Vignetting
D. Cropping
When photographing the corpse in the scene, several pictures
of the conditions at the time of discovery including the
environment of the corpse must be taken from various
photographic directions in order to:

A. Show whether there is any evidence of struggle and try to show

what happen inside prior to the crime
B. Show when photographing the general conditions as being deformed as a
whole, photograph the damage parts and consider the range partly clearly
C. Take close-up shots on the damaged area in two angles from
distance of 8 to 10 feet
D. Photographs general view of the building, look into windows, and
pathway
FORENSIC BALLISTICS
It is the science of mobility of the projectile.

A. Forensic Ballistics
B. Applied Physics
C. Ballistics
D. Applied Science
The term ballistics was actually derived from the Greek word
“ballein or ballo”, which means

A. To kick
B. To punch
C. To throw
D. To explode
It is a branch of ballistics that treats of the motion of a projectile
while still inside the firearm.

A. Interior Ballistics
B. Terminal Ballistics
C. Exterior Ballistics
D. Forensic Ballistics
Is the rate of speed of the bullet per unit of time, expressed in
ft/sec?

A. Muzzle Energy
B. Muzzle Blast
C. Velocity
D. Trajectory
It is the distance at which the gunner has the control of shot
where the bullet travel straight.

A. Maximum Range
B. Maximum EFfective Range
C. Accurate Range
D. Effective Range
It refers to the size of the bullet groupings on the target.

A. Terminal Penetration
B. Terminal Velocity
C. Terminal Energy
D. Terminal Accuracy
The term muzzle velocity refers most
accurately to the

A. Acceleration of the projectile in flight

B. Rate of expansion of the grooves in the muzzle
C. Average speed of the bullet in flight
D. Speed at which the bullet leaves the muzzle
It is the science of mobility of the projectile.

A. Forensic Ballistics
B. Applied Physics
C. Ballistics
D. Applied Science
It is a branch of ballistics that treats of the
motion of a projectile while still inside the
firearm.

A. Interior ballistics
B. Terminal ballistics
C. Exterior ballistics
D. Forensic ballistics
Is the rate of speed of the bullet per unit of
time, expressed in ft/sec?

A. Muzzle Energy
B. Muzzle Blast
C. Velocity
D. Trajectory
It is the distance at which the gunner has the
control of shot where the bullet travel straight.

A. Maximum Range
B. Maximum Effective Range
C. Accurate Range
D. Effective Range
It refers to the size of the bullet groupings on
the target.

A. Terminal penetration
B. Terminal velocity
C. Terminal energy
D. Terminal accuracy
The term muzzle velocity refers most
accurately to the

A. Acceleration of the projectile in flight

B. Rate of expansion of the grooves in the muzzle
C. Average speed of the bullet in flight
D. Speed at which the bullet leaves the muzzle
This refers to the deflection of the bullet from
its normal path after striking a resistant
surface.

A. Misfire
B. Mushroom
C. Ricochet
D. Key hole shot
The greatest distance a projectile can travel
when fired at the optimum angle of elevation
of the barrel.

A. Maximum range
B. Maximum effective range
C. Minimum range
D. Minimum Effective range
Spiral grooves in the bore designed to give a
spin to the projectile for greater accuracy and
carrying power.

A. Rifling
B. Caliber
C. Gauge
D. Bore
He is known as the Father of Ballistics.

A. Hans Gross
B. Charles Waite
C. Albert Osborne
D. Calvin Goddard
Father of Percussion Ignition.

A. Alexander John Forsyth

B. Roger Bacon
C. Berthold Schwartz
D. Paul Veillie
He gave his name to a whole class of
firearms; he is also the manufacturer of the
Pocket Pistol.

A. John Browning
B. Samuel Colt
C. Col. Calvin Goddard
D. Henry Derringer
Technically speaking, the term ammunition
refers to a group of cartridges or to a single
unit or single cartridge.
A. the entire primer assembly consisting of primer cup, priming mixture,
and the anvil
B. a complete unfired unit consisting of a bullet, cartridge case,
gunpowder and primer
C. an entire cartridge case, including extracting groove, shell head, and
the crimp
D. the bullet consisting of the nose, the body and the base
The pattern or curved path of the bullet in
flight.

A. Yaw
B. Range
C. Velocity
D. Trajectory
It is a complete unfired unit consisting of
bullet, primer, gun powder and shell:

A. Ammunition
B. Shotgun Cartridge
C. Cartridge
D. Missile
What occurs when a cartridge fails to explode
on time or delayed in firing?

A. Knocking Power
B. Hang Fire
C. Recoil
D. None of these
What type of a firearm is commonly used by
cavalry?

A. Carbine
B. Pistol
C. Revolver
D. Rifle
A hand gun in which a rotating cylinder
successively places cartridge into position for
firing is known as?

A. Pistol
B. Revolver
C. Shotgun
D. Machine Gun
A type of a firearm which propels a number of
lead pellets in one charge to a smooth bore
barrel.

A. Rifle
B. Machine Gun
C. Shotgun
D. Musket
Handguns that can be fired several times by
means of cartridge stored in the handle are
called.

A. Pistol
B. Revolver
C. Self-loading Pistol
D. Automatic Weapon
When a shot is fired on an automatic pistol by
a criminal, where can you the fired shell?

A. Remains within the chamber

B. In most cases will be found at the scene of firing
C. Is rarely found at the crime scene
D. Is usually disposed by the perpetrator
The Morse cartridge in 1858 marked the
beginning of the rapid development of what
cartridge?

A. Pin-fire cartridge
B. Center-fire cartridge
C. Rimfire cartridge
D. None of these
Generally applied to all homemade gun, just
as the one used by juvenile delinquent in
United States.

A. Zip gun
B. Freakish gun
C. Grease gun
D. Paltik