Quantitative and Qualitative

Research

GO!
In the previous lessons, we learned that research should be
systematic, objective, feasible, empirical and clear. These
characteristics guide you in realizing the real nature of
research following the processes as well as the factors in
selecting your general problem or topic. As a researcher you
need to consider the ethics and unethical practices in
conducting research.
 I. When to use Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research

Quantitative data can Qualitative data adds the

details and can also give
help you see the big a human voice to your
picture. survey results.
II. Difference: Qualitative Research
versus Quantitative Research2
 Objective
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
• It aims to create new theory • The purpose is to test a
based on the gathered data. hypothesis or theory.

• A fact-finding research • Measures problem using

used to gain understanding rating scale and other
of individual differences in research parameters of
terms of feelings and group similarities.
experiences.
 Data Description

QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
• natural setting • measurement setting
• making stories out of a • performs measures out
certain phenomenon. of a certain
• Uses pictures, words, phenomenon.
sentences, paragraphs, • Uses numbers, scales,
compositions, narrations hypotheses, calculations,
and short stories computations and
statistics tools.
 Sample (size)

QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
• Small judgment (by • Large sample
decision) sampling representatives of
population
 Data Gathering

QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
• Unstructured or semi structured • Standardized /Structured
(flexible processes)

• Uses interviews, participant • Uses census, survey questionnaire,

observation, group discussions. Ex: checklist, paper pencil test and
Case Study, field research experimentation.

• Uses open ended questions. It is a • Uses closed ended questions. This

freeform survey questions allow a questions can only be answered by
participant to answer in open-text selecting from a limited number of
format, responses are unlimited to a options, usually “multiple-choice”,
set of options. “yes or no”, or a rating scale
 Data Gathering
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
Example: Guide questions for the interviews Example: Strongly agree to strongly disagree

• What was your experiences during • In quantitative research closed ended

quarantine period on the COVID-19 questions are the basis of all statistical
pandemic? How did you handle the analysis techniques applied on
situation caused by the pandemic? questionnaires and surveys.

• Was the support of the National and Sample Question:

Local Government enough for your basic • Do you agree on online modality class in
needs? Did they conduct evaluation for transitioning the new normal of
those who were affected? education?

a. Strongly agree
b. Agree
c. Disagree
d. Strongly disagree

QUALITATIVE
Inductive
• The researcher starts with the
observations, an open mind without
biases, gathering all exact details of
the topic and generalization or new
theory is given towards the end of
the research process.
Activities
QUANTITATIVE
Deductive
• Starts from a hypothesis or already
created theory emphasizing the
previously researched phenomenon
from different views (tested against
observations).
 Data discussions and
Presentation

QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
Uses both inductive and deductive
They are not mutually exclusive with each other in research.

Inductive method or “bottom-up” is used if the researcher starts discussions from

the lowest and highest means then explains the overall mean.

Deductive or “top-down “if discussion is from the overall mean going to the
lowest and highest means, deductive. Opinions are based on experience or
observation. There are no criteria used in data discussions. Opinions are based
 Data Analysis

QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
• Synthesize data, interpret, • Statistical
thematic.

• Subjective • Objective

• Data analysis is influenced by • The researcher employs

the personal experiences and standard criteria in analyzing
views. data.
 Outcome

QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
• Cultivates understanding • Endorse a development. Has
with high validity. high output replicability.

• There are no conclusions • Conclusion is formulated

formulated. towards the end of the
research process.
 III. Similarities: Qualitative Research and
Quantitative Research

1. Both have the process of inquiry and investigation

2. Both improve life and help us in understanding various
issues of life and in giving solutions to our problems
3. Both start with a problem and end with a new problem.
4. Both use textual forms in analyzing and interpretation of
data
5. Both use inductive and deductive methods of presenting
data.
THANK YOU!