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28.1 Connecting Ideas 28.2 Connectives Include 28.3 Functions of Connectives
28.1 Connecting Ideas 28.2 Connectives Include 28.3 Functions of Connectives
Grammar Practice
Part A Part B Part C Part D Part E
Language Practice
Part F Part G
1
Unit 28 Connectives
28.1 We often need linking words and phrases to help us to
connect our ideas. These are known as connectives.
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Unit 28 Connectives
Compare:
Example 1: (without a connective)
John: Have you finished the novel?
May: No. I think I can return it to you
tomorrow. Have you decided on
a date for your party?
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Unit 28 Connectives
(with a connective)
John: Have you finished the novel?
May: No, but I think I can return it to
you tomorrow. By the way,
have you decided on a date
for your party?
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Unit 28 Connectives
Example 2: (without a connective)
It is a small second-hand bookshop. It
offers a wide range of novels.
(with a connective)
It is a small second-hand bookshop. In
spite of this, it offers a wide range of
novels.
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Unit 28 Connectives
28.2 Connectives include:
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Unit 28 Connectives
28.3 Functions of connectives
Here are some common connectives and their functions:
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Unit 28 Connectives
• to add In addition,
it is one of the
information Besides this,
busiest ports in the
Furthermore, world.
Moreover,
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Unit 28 Connectives
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Unit 28 Connectives
Similarly,
• to show
similarity In a similar
way, Thailand relies
heavily on tourism.
In the same
way,
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Unit 28 Connectives
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To conclude,
• to indicate the
In conclusion,
end of a our success is the
speech or a To sum up, result of exceptional
piece of In short, teamwork.
writing
In summary,
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Unit 28 Connectives
Grammar Practice
Complete the sentences using words and phrases in the box.
There may be more than one possible answer and some of
the words/phrases may be used more than once. The first
one has been done for you as an example.
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Unit 28 Connectives
1 In spite of
He can sometimes be rude. __________________ this,
For example/For one thing ,
he has many good points. ____________________________
he’s always ready to help his friends.
2 However
He’s shy. ___________________ , he always participates in
class discussions.
OPTIONS
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Unit 28 Connectives
4 As
__________________ she is hard-working, many of her
classmates like to do projects with her.
5 What’s more
He is very talented. ____________________ , he practises
To be frank/In fact
every day. _________________________ , I’ve never
met such a dedicated athlete.
6 but
I agree that she spoke well, __________________ don’t you
think Chris was even better?
OPTIONS
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Unit 28 Connectives
7 In addition to
____________________ Physics, I really enjoy Chemistry.
8 In spite of
___________________ the heat, I usually welcome summer
when it arrives.
9 Because of
He’s stubborn. _____________________ this, he does not
have many friends.
OPTIONS
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Unit 28 Connectives
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Unit 28 Connectives
1 Mr Chan Do you like the flat the estate agent showed us?
Firstly
Mrs Chan Yes, I do. _________________ , it faces south;
secondly
__________________ , it’s in a quiet area.
OPTIONS
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Unit 28 Connectives
OPTIONS
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Unit 28 Connectives
OPTIONS
OPTIONS P.282
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Unit 28 Connectives
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Unit 28 Connectives
Even so
1 She may not have been honest with us. Even though, you
should still talk to her and find out what the problem is.
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Unit 28 Connectives
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Unit 28 Connectives
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Unit 28 Connectives
On the contrary/In fact/Actually
7 I don’t think he’s selfish. On the other hand, I think he
8 On the one hand, I can’t wait to move into our new flat.
area.
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Unit 28 Connectives
Besides/Moreover/Furthermore/In addition
9 The restaurant is easy to get to. However, it’s in a beautiful
area
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INFORMATION
INFORMATION OPTIONS
OPTIONS P.283
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Unit 28 Connectives
INFORMATION
INFORMATION OPTIONS
OPTIONS P.283
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Unit 28 Connectives
C
(7) ________ , vitamins are something our body cannot do
I
without. A lack of vitamin A, (8) ________ , while insufficient
G
vitamin C can cause scurvy. (9) ________ . Because of vitamins’
L
importance to our health, (10) ________ . Although vitamin
J
supplements are convenient substitutes, (11) ________ excessive
consumption of them can cause vitamin poisoning. Furthermore,
H
(12) ________ than to rely on supplements.
D
(13) ________ , our body needs a lot of different nutrients to run
E
properly. A balanced diet is therefore (14) ________ .
INFORMATION
INFORMATION OPTIONS
OPTIONS P.283
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Unit 28 Connectives
Read the first draft of Fiona’s letter. Complete the second draft
by filling in each blank with ONE appropriate word. The first
one has been done for you as an example.
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Unit 28 Connectives
First draft
Dear Alex
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Unit 28 Connectives
Fiona
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Unit 28 Connectives
Second draft
Dear Alex
for months.
FIRST
FIRST DRAFT
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Unit 28 Connectives
(5) , his team won the 400 m relay, (6) he was (5) However/Still
____________
pleased about that.
so/and
(6) ____________
FIRST
FIRST DRAFT
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Unit 28 Connectives
(8) you visit Hong Kong next time, my sister will When
(8) ____________
although/
be able to drive us around, (9) some places are
though
(9) ____________
easier to get to by MTR or bus.
Regards
Fiona
FIRST
FIRST DRAFT
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Unit 28 Connectives
Language Practice
Fill in each blank in the passage with NO MORE THAN
FOUR words. The first one has been done for you as an
example.
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Unit 28 Connectives
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Unit 28 Connectives
conclude/sum up
To (17) _______________________ , you need to know
more about yourself and your intended major before
making a sound decision. You can talk to your parents and
teachers to get their opinions. (18)Similarly/In addition/
___________________
________
Also , you can discuss your options with friends to
benefit from what they know about you. They may offer
different perspectives and insights that you might not have
considered yet.
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Unit 28 Connectives
✓ Agree
Cooking should of course be taught at school!
(3) , this is a basic life skill (4) should not be ignored. It’s often
sad to hear that, (5) , a child achieves academic excellence, but,
(6) , he or she doesn’t even know how to cook noodles, (7)
even boil water.
✓ Agree
Cooking should of course be taught at school!
(3) , this is a basic life skill (4) should not be ignored. It’s often
sad to hear that, (5) , a child achieves academic excellence, but,
(6) , he or she doesn’t even know how to cook noodles, (7)
even boil water.
✓ Agree
Cooking should of course be taught at school!
(3) , this is a basic life skill (4) should not be ignored. It’s often
sad to hear that, (5) , a child achieves academic excellence, but,
(6) , he or she doesn’t even know how to cook noodles, (7)
even boil water.
(7) A if
B or
C to
D thus
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✓ Agree
Young people should learn (8) care for themselves, (9) their
parents or other caregivers may not always be available to help
them.
✓ Agree
(10) , (11) this is a basic survival skill, many parents
themselves do not know how to cook, or do not have time to
cook with their children. (12) we have to rely on professionals
to teach children basic cooking skills.
✓ Agree
(10) , (11) this is a basic survival skill, many parents
themselves do not know how to cook, or do not have time to
cook with their children. (12) we have to rely on professionals
to teach children basic cooking skills.
(12) A In addition
B In summary
C In that case
D In case
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✓ Agree
In my opinion, (13) should cooking skills be taught, but
knowledge about food, nutrition, (14) ways to reduce food
waste, should also be included in the curriculum. (15) , children
can learn more about what they eat and how their eating habits
impact the environment, as well as their health.
✓ Agree
In my opinion, (13) should cooking skills be taught, but
knowledge about food, nutrition, (14) ways to reduce food
waste, should also be included in the curriculum. (15) , children
can learn more about what they eat and how their eating habits
impact the environment, as well as their health.
Disagree
I enjoy cooking, (16) I don’t think it should be made a
compulsory subject in our schools.
(17) , I don’t think running cooking classes in schools is
practical. There may not be enough space for every school to
accommodate the equipment needed.
Disagree
(18) , there may not be enough teachers qualified to teach the
subject. (19) , cooking can be a dangerous activity, so special
safety procedures would have to be put in place to keep
students from injuring themselves.
Disagree
(20) , it is quite affordable to buy cooked food here in Hong
Kong. (21) cooking is a useful skill, one doesn’t need to know
how to cook to survive in this food paradise.
(22) , I think basic cooking skills should be taught at home, not
at school. Children can receive one-on-one instruction at home,
Disagree
(20) , it is quite affordable to buy cooked food here in Hong
Kong. (21) cooking is a useful skill, one doesn’t need to know
how to cook to survive in this food paradise.
(22) , I think basic cooking skills should be taught at home, not
at school. Children can receive one-on-one instruction at home,
(22) A Secondly
B As a result
C For this reason
D Moreover
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Disagree
and (23) , cooking together is an excellent family activity. Class
time should be spent teaching other things, (24) parents should
take on the responsibility of teaching their children how to
cook.