Unit 27 Conditional sentences

27.1 Zero conditional

27.2 First conditional
27.3 Second conditional
27.4 Third conditional
27.5 Other conditional expressions
Grammar Practice
Part A Part B Part C Part D Part E
Part F Part G Part H Part I
Language Practice
Part J Part K

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences
27.1 Zero conditional
• when it is used
We use the zero conditional to talk about
 general truths
If we eat contaminated food, we become ill.
If we don’t feel well, we see a doctor.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences
 scientific facts
If we heat water to 100˚C, it boils.
 imperatives
If you don’t feel well, see a doctor.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences
• how it is formed

if-clause main clause (result clause)

present simple present simple

If you don’t water plants, they die.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences
27.2 First conditional
• when it is used
We use the ‘first’ or ‘type 1’ conditional to talk about
things which may be true in the present, or which may
happen in the future.
If it rains tomorrow morning, we will cancel the
picnic.
If you are hungry now, I will make you some
pancakes.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences
• how it is formed

if-clause main clause (result clause)

present simple will + bare infinitive

If you want to read the book, I will lend it to you.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

1 We use can/may in the main clause instead of will

for permission:
‘You can/may borrow my camera if you
want to take some photographs.’
or, may/might/could for possibility:
‘If the No.3 typhoon signal is hoisted
tomorrow morning, ferry services
may/might/could be suspended.’
or, can/could for ability:
‘If you work hard, you can/could learn to
create an app in no time.’

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

2 We can use the present perfect or the present

continuous in the if-clause.
If it has stopped raining, we can go out
now.
If you are having dinner now, I’ll call again
later.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

3 We can use should in the if-clause if we are less

sure about a possibility.
I don’t think Sally is going to the party this
evening, but if I should see her, I’ll give
her your message.
When we use should, we can omit if and begin the
clause with should.
Should I see her at the party, I’ll give her
your message.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

4 We can use would in the if-clause to make a request.

If you would wait a moment, I’ll wrap the
present for you.
(=if you wouldn’t mind waiting/if you could
wait)

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

5 We can also use any expressions that give advice or

make suggestions or requests in the main clause.

you’d better see a doctor.

you should stay in bed.
you ought not to be working
If you don’t feel well, now.
why don’t you take a day
off?
would you like me to call a
doctor?

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

Reminder
We use the present simple tense in the if-clause
when talking about the future.
If you go to the book fair tomorrow, you may
see the novelist. She’ll be there promoting her
new book.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences
27.3 Second conditional
• when it is used
We use the ‘second’ or ‘type 2’ conditional to talk about
something which is not true or not real in the future.
If I had a car, I would take you for a ride around
town.
(= I don’t have a car)
If he knew, we would ask him.
(= he doesn’t know)

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences
• how it is formed

if-clause main clause (result clause)

past simple would + bare infinitive

If I had time, I would help you.

(= I’m busy so I can’t help you at the moment)

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

1 We can use the past continuous tense in the

if-clause.
My uncle and aunt are taking me to
Ocean Park tomorrow.
If I were not going with them, I would be
glad to go with you.

2 We can use might/could in the main clause to talk

about possible results or possible abilities.
If you asked him, he might help you.
If you told me more, I could give you some
advice.
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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

3 We can use would + be + -ing for what would be in

progress at the moment.
If he were here now, we would be playing
video games.
(= he’s not here)

4 We always use were in the if-clause in formal writing

and speech.
If the weather were fine today, we’d go to
the beach.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

In less formal contexts, we can use was with I, he,

she, it, etc.
If I wasn’t so tired, I’d go with you.
We often use if I were you to give advice, and if
you were me to ask for advice.
If I were you, I’d think twice before I
accept.
If you were me, would you take his offer?

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences
27.4 Third conditional
• when it is used
We use the ‘third’ or ‘type 3’ conditional to talk about
something which did not happen in the past.
The weather suddenly turned bad yesterday. If
we had gone out, we would have been caught
in the rain.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences
The third conditional is often used to express regret.
If I had invested in the company when I had
the opportunity, I would have made a lot of
money.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences
• how it is formed

if-clause main clause (result clause)

past perfect would + have + past participle

If we had taken the earlier ferry, we would not

have been late.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

1 We can use the past perfect continuous in the if-clause.

The driver was driving too fast. If he had been
driving more slowly, he would have been able
to stop in time.
2 We can use might/could + have + past participle in the
main clause.
If you had come earlier, you might have seen
him.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

3 We can omit if and put had at the beginning of the

clause. This is a formal structure and is more common
in written English.
Had the government taken action in time,
such problems would not have occurred.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences
27.5 Other conditional expressions

Unless we hurry, we’ll miss our

unless (= if not)
flight. (= If we don’t hurry ...)

You must rest. Otherwise, you’ll

otherwise
be tired tonight.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

You can borrow my camera as

as/so long as,
long as/so long as/provided/
provided/providing
providing that/on condition that
that, on condition that
you look after it carefully.

She wouldn’t tell us, even

even if/though
if/though she knew.

Take your medication and you’ll

and/or (else) feel better tomorrow.
Hurry up or/or else you’ll be late.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

Let’s suppose/Supposing it
rained tomorrow. What would
(Let’s) suppose, we do?
supposing, imagine, Imagine you had a lot of money.
what if What would you do with it?
What if she told you the truth?
Would you forgive her?

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

If it were not for her, I would not

if it were not for, have achieved so much.
had it not been for Had it not been for her, I would
not have achieved so much.

Without your help, I would have

without
struggled.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

Do you want to read this novel?

If so (= if you do), you can
if so, if not
borrow it. If not (= if you don’t),
I’ll lend it to Melinda.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences
Grammar Practice
Complete the sentences using the phrases in the box. Each
phrase can be used ONCE only. The first one has been done
for you as an example.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

1 go to bed early.
If I have school the next day, I usually _________________
________________________________________________

2 take good care of them.

Things last longer if you ____________________________
________________________________________________

3 don’t clean them properly.

Our teeth rot if we _________________________________
________________________________________________

4 they die.
If plants don’t get enough water, _____________________
________________________________________________

OPTIONS
OPTIONS P.270
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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

5 floods its banks.

If it rains heavily, the river __________________________
________________________________________________

6 work in the sun.

We tire easily if we ________________________________
________________________________________________

7 use up more calories.

If we do physical work, we __________________________
________________________________________________

8 they are trained.

Some animals can perform tricks if ___________________
________________________________________________

OPTIONS
OPTIONS P.270
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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

9 it growls.
If a dog is angry, __________________________________
________________________________________________

OPTIONS
OPTIONS P.270
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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

Complete the dialogues using the given words. The first one
has been done for you as an example.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

1 she/not/make it

Sophie Shall I invite Sarah?

Lauren Of course! She’d love to come. She’ll be

she can’t make it
disappointed if __________________________ .

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

2 you/finish/homework

Tony Can I watch television?

Mum you’ve/you have finished your

Yes, if __________________________________
homework
_______________________________________ .

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

3 you/still/use

Ruth Sorry, I didn’t realise you still needed the

reference book.

Lily That’s okay. I can look up the facts later if _____

you’re/you are still using
______________________________________ it.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

4 anyone/call

Jessie Are you going out?

Alan anyone calls

Yes. If __________________________________
while I’m out, would you please let them know I’ll
be back by five?

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

5 you/find

Maggie I’d like to know more about the resort of

Phuket. Where can I find further details?

Bruce you’ll/
If you look at travellers’ reviews online, __________
you will find
___________________________ all the information
you need.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

6 weather/stay/fine

Mike Are you going anywhere tomorrow?

Lilian the
Yes, we’re going to Lantau Island if __________
weather stays fine
_______________________________________ .

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

7 he/not/call you back

Jill I left a message on John’s voicemail. I wonder

if he’s got it yet?

Ted he doesn’t/does not call you back

If _____________________________________ ,
why don’t you call him again?

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

8 you/had better/take

Kate It’s almost six. I must run or I’ll be late for dinner.

Helen you’d/you had

If you’re in a hurry, _______________________
better take
________________________ a taxi.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

Match the beginning of the sentences in Column A with the

endings in Column B. Write your answers in the spaces
provided. Use each letter ONCE only. The first one has been
done for you as an example.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

Column A

1 If you have flu, D

_________

2 Ask him to wait E

_________

3 You can come with me F

_________

4 Maintain a healthy lifestyle B

_________

5 If you need anything, H

_________

COLUMN
COLUMN B
B P.271
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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

Column A

6 I’ll leave my belongings here A

_________

7 If she’s busy, G
_________

8 You mustn’t use the lifts C

_________

COLUMN
COLUMN B
B P.271
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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

Complete the dialogues by choosing the correct answers from

the words on the right. The first one has been done for you as
an example.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

1 Mr Wong I’m going to buy a new (1) have/had

watch.

Mr Chan had
Lucky you! If I _________
the money, I would buy
one myself.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

2 Doris What do you think of these (2) aren’t/weren’t

shoes?

Samantha They’re beautiful. I’d buy

the same ones if they
weren’t so expensive.
____________

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

3 Roy I haven’t heard from (3) am going to

write/would
Alison since she left Hong
write
Kong. I miss her a lot.

William would write

So do I. I _______________
to her if I had her email
address.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

4 Sam Do you think I should take (4) had offered/

were offered
up my university place to
study law?

Chris were
Definitely! If I ___________
offered
_______________ such an
opportunity, I’d take it
without hesitation.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

5 Molly What’s your brother doing (5) won’t stay/

wouldn’t be
today?
staying
Carla He’s at home reading.

Molly If I were your brother, I

wouldn’t be staying
______________________
at home on such a lovely day.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

6 Robert Good morning, I’m Robert (6) you should

follow/you follow
Choi. Mr Lau is expecting
me.
you
Receptionist Yes, Mr Choi. If _________
follow
___________ me, I’ll take
you to Mr Lau’s office.

Robert Thanks.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

7 Susan Why isn’t Kate staying at (7) was staying/

would be staying
her aunt’s house?

Kitty Kate’s staying with a friend.

If she weren’t, she _______
would be staying
______________________
with her aunt instead.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

8 Tom What did Mike say when (8) won’t go/

weren’t going
you invited him?

Bob He said he’d join us if he

weren’t going
____________________ to
the airport this afternoon.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

Complete the sentences using the correct forms of the verbs in

the box. Use each verb ONCE only. The first one has been done
for you as an example.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

1 did
I don’t know the details of their plan. If I ______________ ,
I would tell you.

2 This is wonderful! If it weren’t a public holiday, I _______

wouldn’t/would not be lying here on the beach.
_____________________________

3 had
Kelly has a bad temper. If she _________________ better
self-control, she would have more friends.

4 weren’t/were not selling flags today, she’d be

If Kate _________________________
cycling with us.

OPTIONS
OPTIONS P.273
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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

5 would/could ask
If my brother weren’t out of town, I ___________________
him to help me.

6 wouldn’t/
The typhoon signal No.3 is up. If I were you, I __________
would not plan
________________________ to go swimming today.

7 weren’t/were not
I’m glad you came. If you ______________________ here,
I’d just be browsing the net.

8 will fall
If we don’t start work now, we _________________ behind
schedule.

OPTIONS
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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

9 weren’t/were not raining

If it _____________________________ , there’d be more
people in the crowd.

hadn’t/had not been caught in a traffic jam, I would

10 If I ____________________________
have been here on time.

OPTIONS
OPTIONS P.273
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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

Read what happened, and then write a sentence saying what

could have happened. The first one has been done for you as an
example.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

1 I didn’t have time. I didn’t go shopping.

If I’d had/I had had time, I would’ve/would have

________________________________________________
gone shopping.//I would’ve/would have gone
________________________________________________
shopping if I’d had/I had had time.
________________________________________________

2 I didn’t see you. I didn’t say hello.

If I’d/I had seen you, I would’ve/would have said

________________________________________________
hello.//I would’ve/would have said hello if I’d/I
________________________________________________
had seen you.
________________________________________________

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

3 She dropped the glass. The glass was wet and slippery.

If the glass had not been wet and slippery, she

________________________________________________
wouldn’t/would not have dropped it.//She
________________________________________________
wouldn’t/would not have dropped the glass if it
________________________________________________
had not been wet and slippery.
________________________________________________

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

4 The principal stopped his speech suddenly. The students

listening were surprised.

If the principal hadn’t/had not stopped his

________________________________________________
speech suddenly, the students listening
________________________________________________
wouldn’t/would not have been surprised.//
________________________________________________
The students listening to the principal’s speech
________________________________________________
wouldn’t/would not have been surprised if he
________________________________________________
hadn’t/had not stopped it suddenly.
________________________________________________

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

5 He wasn’t injured. He was wearing a seat belt.

If he hadn’t/had not been wearing a seat belt, he

________________________________________________
would’ve/would have been injured.//He
________________________________________________
would’ve/would have been injured if he
________________________________________________
hadn’t/had not been wearing a seat belt.
________________________________________________

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

6 He scored such high marks as a result of hard work.

If he hadn’t/had not worked hard, he

________________________________________________
wouldn’t/would not/mightn’t/might not have
________________________________________________
scored such high marks.//He wouldn’t/would
________________________________________________
not/mightn’t/might not have scored such high
________________________________________________
marks if he hadn’t/had not worked hard.
________________________________________________

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

7 The fire did not spread because the firefighters put it out
quickly.

If the firefighters hadn’t/had not put out the fire

________________________________________________
quickly, it would’ve/would have/might’ve/might
________________________________________________
have spread.//The fire would’ve/would
________________________________________________
have/might’ve/might have spread if the
________________________________________________
firefighters hadn’t/had not put it out quickly.
________________________________________________

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

8 Everybody was excited about the swimming gala. All the

students attended it.

If no one was excited about the swimming gala,

________________________________________________
few/no students would have attended it.//Few/No
________________________________________________
students would have attended the swimming
________________________________________________
gala if no one was excited about it.
________________________________________________

(Note: accept all reasonable answers)

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

Complete the sentences using the correct forms of the words

given in brackets. The first one has been done for you as an
example.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

1 The game is going well. If we score another goal, we

will/may win (win) the match.
_______________

2 might/
Thanks, Bob. If you hadn’t reminded me, I _____________
would have forgotten
__________________________ (forget) Jimmy’s birthday.

3 wouldn’t/would
I don’t trust him. If I were you, I _____________________
not believe
_________________ (not/believe) a word he says.

4 had been
He wasn’t at Jill’s party last night. If he ________________
(be) there, I’d have seen him.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

5 floats
If you pour oil on water, it ________________ (float).

6 will catch
Wear your padded jacket, or you __________________ (catch)
a cold.

7 are going/go
I won’t go to the cinema unless you __________________
(go), too.

8 would you
Supposing what he said were true, what ________________
do
_______ (you/do) about it?

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

9 are
If you ________________ (be) hungry, help yourself to some
fruit.

’ve/have finished
10 ‘If you ______________________ (finish) your homework,
you can go to your friend’s house,’ Mrs Lai said to her son.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

Rewrite the sentences using the words given in brackets. The

first one has been done for you as an example.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

1 If you don’t study hard, you won’t pass your exams.

(unless)

You won’t pass your exams unless you study

________________________________________________
hard./Unless you study hard, you won’t pass
________________________________________________
your exam.
________________________________________________

2 If you go to bed early, you’ll feel refreshed in the morning.

(and)

to bed early and you’ll feel refreshed in the

Go _____________________________________________
morning.
________________________________________________
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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

3 I’ll go to the party if you go too. (provided)

I’ll go to the party provided you go too.

________________________________________________
________________________________________________

4 If you don’t train before the football match, you’ll perform

badly. (or else)

before the football match, or else you’ll

Train ___________________________________________
perform badly/won’t perform well.
________________________________________________

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

5 If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late for school. (or)

Hurry up or you’ll be late for school.

________________________________________________
________________________________________________

6 You can borrow the book if you return it by the weekend. (on
condition that)

You can borrow the book on condition that you

________________________________________________
return it by the weekend.
________________________________________________

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7 You can stay and watch us rehearse if you are very quiet.
(as long as)

As long as you are very quiet, you can stay and

________________________________________________
watch us rehearse./You can stay and watch us
________________________________________________
rehearse as long as you are very quiet.
________________________________________________

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8 If I hadn’t checked the dictionary, I wouldn’t have known

the meaning of that word. (without)

Without having checked the dictionary, I

________________________________________________
wouldn’t have known the meaning of that word./I
________________________________________________
wouldn’t have known the meaning of that word
________________________________________________
without having checked the dictionary.
________________________________________________

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

9 You must be able to swim if you want to learn to canoe.

(unless)
You can’t learn to canoe unless you are able to
________________________________________________
swim./Unless you are able to swim, you can’t
________________________________________________
learn to canoe.
________________________________________________

10 If you don’t take a map with you, you’re sure to lose your
way. (otherwise)
Take a map with you, otherwise you’re sure to
________________________________________________
lose your way.
________________________________________________
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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

Some of the underlined expressions are incorrect. Correct

errors by writing the correction above the underlined
expression. If it is correct, put a tick () at the end of the
sentence. The first two have been done for you as examples.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

1 Unless you help me, I won’t be able to finish 

the job on time.
provided
2 You can use my car unless you drive it carefully.
or/otherwise
3 Take this umbrella and you’ll get wet.

4 If you just add a touch of colour there, this painting 

will be perfect.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences
so long as/if
5 We’ll go to the beach tomorrow otherwise it doesn’t
rain.

6 I’ll buy the dress in the window as long as it’s not


too expensive.
Unless
7 Provided that my father lends me the money, I won’t
be able to afford that book.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

8 He took the MTR. Otherwise, he would have been 

stuck in traffic.

if
9 I’ll probably go for a walk after lunch when the weather
is good.

10 She’ll come as long as your sister comes too. 

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences
Language Practice
Complete the passage by choosing the correct answers. The
first one has been done for you as an example.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

As the proverb goes, ‘all things in their being are good for
something’, so we should be satisfied with what we have. (1)
( However / In addition / On the contrary / For instance ), if
you (2) ( was gave / was given / are gave / were given ) the
chance to have a special talent, which one (3) ( will / would /
can / do ) you choose? In other words, if you (4) ( can / had /
were / would have ) the luck to be blessed with an
extraordinary gift in one area, what (5) ( could / would / are /
can ) that be? I asked my friends for their opinions.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

‘If I (6) ( will / can / would / could ) pick any talent, I (7)
( will / would / may / can ) love to have a great memory!’
said Tom. ‘If I (8) ( am / has / have / had ) a better memory,
I (9) ( can / could / do / will ) ace all my history exams and
quizzes. If that (10) ( is / would / were / will ) the case, I (11)
( would have been / would had been / would not be / will be )
afraid of history classes any more!’

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‘I really admire the speeches (12) ( make / made / have made /

were made ) by Winston Churchill,’ said Donald. ‘If I (13)
( has / have / have had / had had ) his amazing ability as a
public speaker, I am sure that I (14) ( help / will help /
will have helped / would have helped ) my team win last
week’s debate,’ he added (15) ( regret / regretful / regrettably /
regretfully ).

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

‘If I (16) ( were / has / have / had ) more creativity, perhaps I

(17) ( am / can be / will be / would be ) an artist,’ Sabrina
said wistfully, ‘(18) ( and / but / thus / can ) unfortunately, I
wasn’t born with that kind of talent’.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

When I asked Maggie what her most coveted talent was, she
would not tell me. ‘(19) ( In case / For fear that / Unless /
Maybe ) you tell me yours, I (20) ( will / would / will not /
may not ) tell you mine,’ she said. ‘I’ll think about it, but if
you (21) ( decide / decided / had decide / would have
decided ) to tell me, call me!’ I smiled and walked away. I
was almost at the door when I heard Maggie yell, ‘Wait, I’ll
tell you.’

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

Fill in each blank in the dialogue with NO MORE THAN

FOUR words. The first one has been done for you as an
example.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

Ethan read this web article about the

Have you (1) _______
health hazards associated with mobile phones?
It says that if you put a raw egg between two
mobile phones and initiate a call between the
will cook in an hour. I
phones, the egg (2) ___________
found that pretty scary!

Chloe don’t/do
(laughs) You truly believe that, (3) __________
wouldn’t believe
you? If I were you, I (4) ___________________
such an old wives’ tale.
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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

Ethan use our smartphones

Still, I think if we (5) ________
for a long time, it is bad for our health because of
the radiation.

Chloe were serious

Don’t worry. If there (6) ________
concerns, the government would issue warnings
and the media would talk about it all day.
However, there are other health hazards associated
with using smartphones. For example, if you keep

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

texting on your smartphone all the time, you

may develop/get
(7) ____________________ sore thumbs.

Ethan found this out yesterday and my

I (8) __________
are
thumbs (9) ________ still quite painful! If you
would not have
had told me this before, I (10) ________________
developed/got
these sore thumbs.

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

Chloe So, now you’re blaming me? (11) If____________

it were not/
Had it not been for me, you (12)
_________________
would have been struck/hit by a car last week.
_________________________

Ethan Come on! I was just kidding! But really, thanks so

much for stopping me in time that night. I was
talking with my friend on my phone and I didn’t
coming around the corner.
notice the car (13) __________

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Unit 27 Conditional sentences

Chloe You’re welcome! If I had been in the same

would have stopped me
situation, you (14) _____________
too, wouldn’t you? How are your thumbs now? If
they are still very sore, (15) see/you should see
__________________
a doctor.

Ethan getting better.

Thanks, they seem to be (16) _________

(Note: accept all reasonable answers)

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