Amazon

 Turned in a $5 million profit in December 2001, reversing six previous years of

losses
 Amazon Prime launched in 2005 to create “membership club” had 100 million
members globally by 2018 with global annual revenues of $178 billion
 Amazon Web Services launched in 2002 to offer cloud computing services to
third party sellers Leveraged tools like collaborative filtering to retarget customers
with Amazon’s ad
 Launched a range of smart speakers, Echo, and a voice activated digital assistant,
Alexa
 Significant step into offline retailing when acquired Whole Foods market chain of
natural grocery stores in 2017
Google

 Launched in 1998, initially offered nothing but search and therefore no revenue
 Began to sell text advertising to advertisers in 2000, who wanted to reach
consumers searching for particular keywords
 Introduced AdSense in June 2003 followed by launching free webmail service,
Gmail
 Made very big content acquisition in October 2006, when it bought YouTube
 Made even costlier acquisition in April 2007 when in bought DoubleClick to
improve ad-serving efficiency rather than scope2015 restructuring created
Alphabet
 Provides seven services with over a billion users each: Android, Chrome, Gmail,
Google Maps, Google Play, Search and YouTube
Apple

 Founded in 1976, evolved from a hardware designer for the pre-internet age to
world’s largest IT company by revenue
 iTunes software and complementary iPod music player launched in 2001, iPhone
launched in 2007 and iPad in 2010
 Operated a chain of over 500 retail stores globally, often in prime locations
 Apple’s iOS held second place to Android, installed on 15.6% of phones in 2018
 Pioneered the market for voice-activated search on the phone with Siri
 Apple’s services comprised digital content, iCloud data storage fees, hardware
service contracts, and Apple pay fees and products comprised Apple TV, Apple
watch, etc.
Facebook

 Available to general public since 2005, went public with its IPO in 2012
 Hours spent on Facebook peaked at 17.8% of all hours online in the US in 2017,
but was down to 16.4% in 2018, offset by Facebook’s acquisition of Instagram
and Whatsapp
 Facebook’s $41 billion revenue in 2017 came from advertising
 Offered an ad bidding and retargeting service, called Facebook Exchange which
helped to place tracking cookies on browsers of their site visitors
 Mined detailed information reported by users on their postings as well as self-
reported profiles
 Grew sales in display advertising sector from $2 billion in 2012 to $18 billion in
2018
Design Thinking is ‘not’ an old wine in a
new bottle
 Design Thinking has emerged as a powerful approach to problem solving, adopting a human-centered
manner
 Lean Thinking: Known Problem and Known Solution: straight forward situations where a problem is
reasonably well understood and so are the solutions 
 Lateral Thinking: Known Problem and Unknown Solution-The entire   scheme of techniques on
brainstorming largely falls under the ambit of known problems and unknown solutions
 Critical Thinking: Unknown Problem and Known Solution-The element of discovery is the identification of
the constraint or the problem, and once it’s unearthed, the solution is to attack the bottleneck, one at a time
 Design Thinking:Unknown Problem and Unknown Solution- Design Thinking takes a more human-
centered approach to discover the problem and generate ingenious solutions
 Design Thinking is a new way of looking at the problem space and exploring it little better before giving in
to the urge of solving