WELL COME TO OUR

PRESENTATION
GUDER DAM DESIGN SEMSTER PROJECT
OUTLINE
 INTRODUCTION
 OBJECTIVE
 LOCATION AND TOPOGRAPHY OF PROJECT AREA
 HYDROLOGY OVER THE GUDER BASIN
 RESERVOIR PLANING
 DAM WORK OVER GUDER BASIN
 SPILLWAYS AND ENERGY DISSIPATOR
 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
 INTRODUCTION
ENERGY SOURCES IN ETHIOPIA
 Hydropower has a great advantage as it is continuous source of energy while
thermal power has a depleted fossil fuel sources, besides hydropower doesn’t
consume the water.
 Energy is the lifeblood of development and development in its basic form of
description is about reducing poverty and about increasing access to basic
needs to result in an improved standard of living
 Development in the power sector will encourage industrial development that
will create employment opportunities for more people and this will result in
improved standard of living
 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
• GENERAL OBJECTIVE
• The general objective of this project is to Design the Guder Dam across a river to create
reservoirs on its upstream side for impounding water in order to generate electric power to
increase our country’s Hydropower potential and ensure sustainable development Specific
Objectives
• The specific objectives of this project are:-
• To planning the reservoir by considering different designing criteria.
• Designing of Reservoirs in moderating floods depend up on the capacity available for
absorbing flood peak
• To removing the variation in demand and availability of water resources at different season
LOCATION AND TOPOGRAPHY OF AREA

• The Guder river basin is located in Shewa province, in the southeastern part of the
Blue Nile Basin some 100km west of Addis Ababa. The Guder River originates
from the mountainous area of south of the towns of Ambo and Guder at an
elevation 3000m above sea level.
• The dam site and reservoir are situated in the lower part of the basin,
approximately on 70thkm of the Guder watercourse
• Climate and Rainfall
The rainy season begins in the June when the position of ITCZ is to the most North.
It is a warm type of temperature climate
• Geology and physiography
• ground layer the whole area is covered by a genesis type rock that is highly
watertight and good foundation for the construction purposes.
LOCATION MAP OF PROJECT SITE
 HYDROLOGY OVER THE GUDER BASIN

• Mean monthly runoff data are given at three gauging stations namely Fatto,
Bello, and Guder, that have different span length and with some missing
data.
• Meteorological data The meteorological data that are available for the
project includes, mean monthly rainfall and mean monthly temperature.
• Guder River has been gauged at the river mouth having a basin area of
6690km2
• The Drainage area of Guder location is 524 km2.
Flow Duration Curve
A flow duration curve of a stream is a plot of discharge against the
percent of time flow was equaled or exceeded.
 The use of this FDC is comparing the adjacent catchments with a
view to extend the stream flow data.
 In evaluating various dependable flows in the planning of water
resources engineering projects etc.
 RESERVOIR PLANING
• A reservoir is created behind a dam built across a river or a stream to impound
part of the runoff from the catchments upstream of the dam site.
purposes of constructing reservoirs
Irrigation,
 Sediment accumulation,
 Transportation,
 Electricity generation,
 Water supply (municipal and industrial)
 Flood control, and
 Recreational.
cont’d..
 Reservoir Site Selection Criteria

General rules for choice of reservoir sited are:

 A suitable dam site must exist; the cost of dam is often a controlling factor in
selection of a site.
 The reservoir site must have adequate capacity.
 A deep reservoir is preferable than a shallow one because of lower land costs
per unit of capacity, less evaporation loss, and less likelihood of weed growth.
Tributary areas, which are usually productive of sediment, should be avoided if
possible.
 The quality of the stored water must be satisfactory for its intended use.
The reservoir banks and adjacent hill slopes should be stable.
 Elevation Area Capacity Curve

• The objective of an elevation area capacity curve is to obtain the

capacity of reservoirs at different elevation with respect to submergence
area.
ELEVATION - AREA - STORAGE
CURVE
AREA(km^2)
125 100 75 50 25 0
1440
1420
1400
1380
ELIVATION(m) 1360
1340
1320
1300
1280
1260
0 2000 4000 6000
STORAGE(Mm^3)
ELE-STO CURVE

Fig 3.1 Elevation - area - storage curve

Useful life of the Reservoir
The life of a reservoir can be expressed under various concepts such as
the following :-
• Use full life - It is usually taken as the period through which the
capacity occupied by sediment does not prevent the reservoir from
serving its intended primary purpose.
• Design life – this is either useful life or shorter of the expected
economic life or fixed span of life of 50/100 yrs keeping in view of
various criteria.
• Full life – it is the number of years required for the reservoir capacity
to be fully depleted by sedimentation. For this particular project the
use full life is taken to be 100yrs as the storage capacity is more than
60Mm3.
 Reservoir sedimentation
• River water carries silt. The flow impounded in the reservoir during
monsoon is heavily silt laden.
• The fine sediment in the river water is carried in suspension, as
suspended load, while the larger solids move on or near the bed as a bed
load.
• The suspended sediments which take a long time to settle down spread
more evenly all over the reservoir bed
• When the river water reaches a reservoir its velocity and turbulences
are reduced and as a consequence the bed load
DAM WORK OVER GUDER BASIN
• Dam is structure built across a river to create reservoirs on its
upstream side for impounding water.
• Dams are generally constructed in the mountainous reach of the river
where the valley is narrow and the foundations are good
• The purpose of the dam is to store water on it’s upstream. This stored
water can generate hydro power energy.
 Selection of suitable Dam site

In order to select a suitable site for constructing a dam for hydropower generation
the following points should be considered
Suitable foundation
The foundation has to carry the weight of the dam. The dam site must be thoroughly
surveyed by geologist. So as to detect the thickness of the foundation strata,
presence of faults, fissured materials and their permeability, slope and slip etc.
should be checked.
General bed level
The general bed level of the dam site should preferably be higher than that of the
river basin and this will reduce the height of the dam and facilitate the drainage
problem
Cont’d…

Spillway size and location

• A suitable site for the spillway should be available in the near
vicinity; if the spillway is to be combined with the dam the width
of the gorge should be such as to accommodate both.
Construction materials
Materials required for construction should be easily available either
locally or in the near vicinity, so that the cost of transporting them is
as low as possible.
Selection of type of dam

Topography
 Geology and foundation condition
 Availability of materials
 Earthquake zone
Spillway size and location
 Economy
Based above criteria Gravity Dam type selected at site
Modes of failure and criteria for Structural stability of
dam
A Gravity dam may fail in the following ways
 Overturning (rotation) about the toe.
By shear failure (sliding)
By development of tension, causing ultimate failure by crushing
 By crushing
Forces considered on Gravity Dam.
1. Primary loads
Water pressure
 Up lift pressure
 Weight of the dam
Cont’d…
2. Secondary loads
 Wave pressure
Ice Pressure
 Silt Pressure
 Wind load
3. Exceptional loads
 Seismic load
 Earthquake force on the body of the water
 Determination of section of the Dam
• Freeboard height ( B F)
• Top width (crest width)
• Base width;
• Dam crest level
• Maximum discharge level
• Normal flood level
• Dead storage level
• River bed level
Stability Analysis of Dam
1 .Normal & Extreme load combinations
 Check for overturning
 Check for sliding
 Check for tension
 Check for sliding
 SPILLWAYS AND ENERGY DISSIPATOR
• A spillway is a structure constructed at a dam site, for effectively disposing of the
surplus water from upstream side of the dam to downstream side.
• Spillways are provided for storage dams to release surplus or flood water, which
cannot be contained in the allotted storage space.
• Selection of spillway site and type
• The selection of type of spill way is generally based on dam type,
quantity of floodwater to be discharged and the site conditions. For
this specific project.
• For this specific project, by considering the site condition and dam
type, which is RCC gravity dam, an overflow spillway is selected.
 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

• Conclusion
 Guder dam, which will be constructed on Guder river is used for storing water. This stored
water used for the generation of hydropower energy. This will be reducing the deficiency of
electric power in the region.
 The Guder hydropower project is medium capacity high head plant due to the availability of
the high head and medium power production. The river has a mean annual flow of
1265Mm3 with a range of 1939.6Mm3 to 805.7Mm3.
 According to the information available the reservoir area is highly populated and there are
infrastructures located near the reservoir site. Thus, the inundation area of the reservoir will
result in flooding of forests, destruction of wild life population agricultural and grazing of
land. Therefore, mitigation measures such as resettlement of the evacuated people should be
done
 Recommendation
 We have not obtain outflow data or demand at dam site .Therefore we recommend
outflow data should be available at Dam Site.
 Since amount of silt carried by the river is very high, it is better to use different
mitigation measure like providing silt excluder at dam and silt control mechanism in the
upstream.
 Since the reservoir created by the implementation of the project may facilitate the spread of the diseases
in the area ;therefore we recommended
 Appropriate health care services
 Creation of awareness for controlling the diseases
 Appropriate protection measures should be taken for other impacts of the project
 The impoundment due to the reservoir may cause water born disease, Possible solution are:-
 establishments of health center
 compensation payment
 resettlement of the people to the area
 creating awareness to the people
CONT’D….

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