AUTOMATIC HEAD LIGHT

PRESENTED BY :
GUIDED BY: RAJIB KUMAR PANDA
MRS. A .ROUT ROLL NO. 25226
REG NO. 0601105091

Electrical Engineering Department

Indira Gandhi Institute of Technology
Sarang-759146, Dhenkanal, Orissa

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 OUTLINES
 INTRODUCTION
 LIGHT SOURCE
 CONSTRUCTION
 TWO FILAMENT BULBS
 HEAD LIGHT DAZZLES
 AUTOMATIC DIPPER
 WORKING OF AUTOMATIC DIPPER
 CONCLUSION

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 INTRODUCTION
The number of vehicles on our roads is increasing day
by day. An automatic dipper is a unit, which can
automatically judge when the headlight beam needs to
be lowered, and which dip the headlamp from which
beam to a dipped beam.
As the dipper unit is well connected to the lighting
system of the vehicle, we have to look into the type and
construction of a head light before discussing the wiring
diagram or the construction of Automatic dippers.

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 LIGHT SOURCE
There are two kinds of light sources
 One that emits light.
 Other that reflects lights.
The headlight is composed of three elements:
 The light filament that gives off light when a
current flows through it.
 The parabolic reflector that reflect the light in front.
 The lens that refracts of distorts the light beam into
an illuminating pattern.

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 CONSTRUCTION
 Earlier the bulb was placed at the focus of a
parabolic silvered reflector in order to give a
parallel beam of light.
 The following figure shows a parabolic
reflector with bulb, the lines showing light rays
emitted from the filament of the bulb in all
directions.
 This type of headlight given a parallel light
beam.

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 The parabolic reflector showing light
rays emitted from the filament of the bulb
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 The effect of changing the position of
filament on the nature of the light beam
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 TWO FILAMENT BULBS
 In two filaments headlights there uses a
two-filament bulb with a fixed reflector.
In this case, one filament is meant for the
dipping beam and the other main beam
 The main beam filament is located at the
focus of the reflector.
 The dip beam filament is located behind
the focus.

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A double – filament lamp

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 HEADLIGHT DAZZLES
 The dazzle effect is one of the major problems
faced by a driver in night driving
 Automatic Dipper is one such mechanism,
which is employed for safety night driving
without the intense dazzling effects
The dazzling effect can be prevented by
 Reducing the brightness of the headlights of the
vehicles.
 Stopping high intensity light from entering the
vehicles of on-coming drivers or road users.

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 AUTOMATIC DIPPER
An automatic dipper is a unit which can
automatically judge when the head light
beam needs to be lowered. The auto
dippers are basically switches, which dip
the headlamp from high beam to a dipped
beam if a certain amount of light falls on
its photo sensor. It holds the lights on
upper, or high, beam until a car trigger the
system so that it shifts the headlamps to
the lower beam.

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MAIN COMPONENTS
 Light sensitive photocell
 High-low beam relay
 Sensitivity control
 Amplifier.

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WORKING
 The photoelectric cell senses the intensity of light from
the oncoming vehicles.
 The sensitivity control sets the intensity level at which
the photocell amplifier will energize.
 When the light from the oncoming strikes the light
sensitive plate provided in it, an electric current is
released.
 When the oncoming vehicle is nearing, its strong light
sets the amplifier unit(thyraton) into operation.
 The thyraton greatly amplifies the current provided by
the phototube.
 It becomes strong enough to put the power relay unit
into operation.
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SINGLE POLE DOUBLE
THROW RELAY
 Current will flow between the movable contact and one
fixed contact when the coil is DEenergized and between
the movable contact and the alternate fixed contact
when the relay coil is energized.

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WORKING OF AUTO DIPPER

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 CONCLUSION
 Auto dippers are devices, which will
attain more and more importance in the
forthcoming years.
 When we are driving on busy street, it is a
great problem to change the light from
head to dipper or vise versa.
 So, this mechanism can give the solution
for the above problems.

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THANK YOU

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