EARTH’S

ORIGIN
Describe the historical development of the
theories that explain the origin of the
universe.
Compare the different hypotheses
explaining the origin of the Solar System
Describe the characteristics of Earth that
are necessary to support life
Explain that Earth consist of four
subsystems across whose boundaries
matter and energy flow
Cosmic Calendar

The age of the observable universe is about

13.8 billion years. Imagine counting up to 13.8
billion using one second for each year. It will
take you about 437.6 years to finish it! The
Solar System, which Earth is a part of, is
relatively younger at about 4.54 billion years.
The skeleton of "Lucy," the first and most
famous early human ancestor (Australopithecus
afarensis) was dated 3.2 million years old.
If you are going to represent the history
of the universe in one calendar year
with the Big Bang taking place at
midnight of January1,

What day did the Earth formed?

What day did Lucy lived?
At what day and time were we born?
RIGVEDA
Describes the universe as
an oscillating universe in
which a cosmic egg expands
out of a single concentrated
point called Bindu.
ANAXAGORAS

Primordial
Universe
LEUCIPPUS AND DEMOCRITUS

Atomic
Universe
RENE DESCARTES
Outlined a model of the
universe with many of the
characteristics of Newton’s
static, infinite universe.
RENE DESCARTES

Gravitational
effects
ISAAC NEWTON
Principia

Described a static, steady state

infinite universe.
ALBERT EINSTEIN
Added cosmological constant to
his general theory of relativity
equations to counteract the
dynamical effects of gravity.
 Big Bang Theory
Describes the universe as
originating from an infinitely
tiny, infinite dense point or
singularity.
INFLATIONARY EPOCH

Atomic nucleus to
10^35 meters in
width
 FORMATION OF THE
UNIVERSE
Universe was made up of
fundamental particles and energy
Quarks
Electrons
Photons
neutrinos
FORMATION OF THE
BASIC ELEMENTS
Hydrogen nuclei
Helium nuclei

Nucleosynthesis
 RADIATION ERA
Period of radiation
Light
X-rays
Radio waves
Ultraviolet rays.
Cosmic microwave radiation
MATTER DOMINATION
Lithium atom begin to
formed
Electrons joined with
hydrogen and helium
nuclei
BIRTH OF STARS
AND GALAXIES
FOUR BASIC FORCES
Strong force
Electromagnetic Force
Weak Force
Gravitational Force
Steady State Theory

Fred Hoyle, Thomas

Gold and Herman Bondi
ALAN GUTH

Inflationary Model
ANDREI LINDE

Chaotic Inflation Theory