Group#2

PRESENTED By:
M.Umair Aslam(BCS19-234 After-noon)
M.Saad Muavia (BCS19-233 After-noon)
Hafiz M.Hamza (BCS19-208 After-noon)

PRESENTED To:
Mam Nadia Yousaf
 Content

• Text Entry Devices

• Keyboard and its typee
• Voice Recognition
• Handwritting Recognition
 Text Entry Devices
Text entry:
Text entry refers to the process of creating messages composed of
characters, numbers, and symbols using mobile devices. 
Text Entry Devices:
A text entry interface or text entry device is an interface that is used to enter
text information an electronic device. A commonly used device is a mechanical
computer keyboard. Most laptop computers have an integrated mechanical keyboard,
and desktop computers are usually operated primarily using a keyboard and
mouse.
Some Text Entry Devices are:
Computer keyboard 
ITU-T text entry (phone keyboard)
Voice recognition
Handwriting recognition
Touch screen
Digital pen
 Text Entry Devices
Keyboard:
The keyboard is the piece of computer hardware used to input text, characters, and
other commands into a computer or similar device.
Most keyboards have numbers, letters, symbols, arrow keys, etc, but some also have a
numeric keypad, additional functions like volume control, buttons to power down.

Different Types of Keyboards:

Alphabetic Keyboard

Alphanumeric Keyboard

QWERTY Keyboard

Chord Keyboard

DVORAK Keyboard

QWERTY Keyboard
 Text Entry Devices

The alphanumeric keyboard:

The keyboard is still one of the most common input devices in use today. It is
used for entering textual data and commands. The vast majority of keyboards have
a standardized layout, and are known by the first six letters of the top row of
alphabetical keys, QWERTY.
 Text Entry Devices

Alphabetic keyboard:
One of the most obvious layouts to be produced is the alphabetic keyboard, in which
the letters are arranged alphabetically across the keyboard. It might be expected that such a layout
would make it quicker for untrained typists to use.
 Text Entry Devices
Chord Keyboard:
A keyset or chorded keyboard (also called a chorded keyset, chord
keyboard or chording keyboard) is a computer input device that allows the user to enter
characters or commands formed by pressing several keys together, like playing a "chord" on
a piano.
 Text Entry Devices
QWERTY Keyboard:
A standard keyboard contains more than 100-keys.The
standard keybard is also called QWERTY keyboard.This is because the first six
leftmost keys on the top row of alphabets are Q,W,E,R,T and Y.
Part of Keys in QWERTY keyboard:
1)Function keys 2)Numeric keys 3)Special keys 4)Punctuation keys
5)Alphabetic keys
 Text Entry Devices
Half QWERTY:
A half QWERTY keyboad is a combination of an alpha-
numeric keypad and a QWERTY keypad,deigned for mobile phones .

Example:
The most common example of half QWERTY keyboard

Nokia E55,Nokia C3,Nokia X2-01,Nokia E63,Nokia

asha 210
Blackberry
 Text Entry Devices

Phone pad:
1) A writing pad for noting telephone
messages,etc.
2) A(numeric or alphanumeric) keypad on a
telephone.
A telephone keypad is the keypad installed on a push-button
telephone or similar telecommunication device for dialing a
telephone number.
 Dvorak keyboard
The Dvorak keyboard, named for its
inventor, Dr. August Dvorak, was designed with the goal of
maximizing typing efficiency. For over a century, typists have been
using the qwerty keyboard arrangement, a hack that was
implemented to work around the mechanical limitations of early
typewriters.
Differentiate between Qwerty and
Dvorak keyboard
Contrary to popular opinion, the qwerty design was not actually
invented to slow typists down. Rather, the layout was intended to
place common two-letter combinations on opposite sides of the
keyboard. On manual typewriters, each key is mechanically connected
to a lever that has the reversed image of a letter on it. If a typist were
to hit two keys on the same side of the keyboard in rapid succession,
the second lever on its way up would hit the first on its way down, the
keys would become stuck together, and the typist would have to stop
typing and unstick the keys. The qwerty layout was a clever design
that minimized this problem. However, now that most of us use
computers (or electric typewriters that don't use levers), the problem of
keys jamming is no longer a consideration. Also, computers now enable
us to switch layouts while continuing to use the same equipment.
Dvorak's Claims
According to Dvorak, prior to World War II, researchers had found that after
three years of typing instruction, the average typing student's speed was
47 net words per minute the U.S. Navy selected fourteen typists for a 1944
study (NWPM). Since typists were scarce during the war, to assess whether
Dvorak retraining would be feasible. Dvorak found that it took an average of
only 52 hours of training for those typists' speeds on the Dvorak keyboard
to reach their average speeds on the qwerty keyboard. By the end of the
study their Dvorak speeds were 74 percent faster than their qwerty speeds,
and their accuracies had increased by 68 percent.
 Conclusion
While QWERTY results in most of the typing being performed with the
left hand, Dvorak results in most letters being performed with the right
hand. Whereas QWERTY was designed so keyboards didn't
jam, Dvorak was designed by taking a look at QWERTY and trying to
come up with a faster and more efficient layout.

 People who prefer the Dvorak keyboard argue that it's more efficient,

can increase typing speed, and even offers better ergonomics.
Speech Recognition
Speech recognition, or speech-to-
text, is the ability for a machine or program to identify words spoken
aloud and convert them into readable text. Rudimentary speech
recognition software has a limited vocabulary of words and phrases,
and it may only identify these if they are spoken very clearly.
Handwriting recognition
Handwriting recognition (HWR), also known
as Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR), is the ability of a computer
to receive and interpret intelligible handwritten input from sources
such as paper documents, photographs, touch-screens and other
devices