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Forensic DNA Typing and Prospects For Biometrics: Dr. John M. Butler
Forensic DNA Typing and Prospects For Biometrics: Dr. John M. Butler
DNA Profile
Saddam Hussein’s
capture verified with
DNA testing
Suspected
Saddam
From Son #1
Killed
July 22, 2003 From Son #2
Father’s Mother’s
Sperm Egg
Child’s Cell
Genetic Inheritance Pattern of
DNA Profiles
DAD
CHILD
MOM
PATERNITY TESTING
Family Inheritance of STR Alleles (D13S317)
PCR product size (bp)
11 14
Results Father
Me
Resultsof
ofDNA
DNATests
Tests
Impact
ImpactFamilies
Families
12 14
Child #1
8 14
Child #2
11 12
Child #3
8 12
Mother
PATERNITY TESTING
Family Inheritance of STR Alleles (D13S317)
PCR product size (bp)
11 14
Father
Me
12 14
Amanda
Child #1
8 14
Child
Marshall
#2
11 12
Child
Katy#3
8 12
Mother
My Wife
Historical Investigation DNA Study
(Matching Relatives to Remains or Relatives to Relatives)
Thomas Jefferson II Failure to Exclude
Jefferson as Eston
Hemings’ Father
Field Jefferson Peter Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson
?
Eston Hemings
Butler, J.M. (2001) Forensic DNA Typing, Figure 17.4, ©Academic Press
Methods for Human Identification
Laboratory
Applications for Human Identity Testing
Located in Gaithersburg,
Maryland
Tomb of Unknown Soldier
Armed Forces DNA
Identification Laboratory
(Rockville, MD)
Identification of
Michael J. Blassie - Vietnam Tomb of the
Unknown
Interpretation
of Results
STR Typing
Database Male: 13,14-15,16-12,13-10,13-15,16
Storage & Searching
Interpretation of Results DNA Database
DNA in the Cell
chromosome 22 pairs + XX or XY
cell nucleus
Double stranded
DNA molecule Target Region for PCR
Individual
nucleotides
What Type of Genetic Variation?
•Length Variation
short tandem repeats (STRs)
CTAGTCGT(GATA)(GATA)(GATA)GCGATCGT
•Sequence Variation
single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
insertions/deletions
GCTAGTCGATGCTC(G/A)GCGTATGCTGTAGC
Basic Concepts
PCR polymerase chain reaction – method of
amplifying a specific region of the genome – go from 1 to
over a billion copies in about 2 hours
Separate
Forward Primer strands
5’ 3’ (denature) 5’ 3’
Add primers
3’ 5’
3’ 5’ (anneal)
Reverse Primer
Make copies
(extend primers)
Repeat Cycle,
Copying DNA
Exponentially
Short Tandem Repeats (STRs)
Fluorescent
Fluorescentdye
dyecreates
creates
Fluorescent
aalabeled
labeledPCR
PCRproduct
product
dye label AATG AATG
primer1
primer2
primer1 7 repeats
primer2
8 repeats
the repeat region is variable between samples while the
flanking regions where PCR primers bind are constant
Homozygote = both alleles are the same length
Heterozygote = alleles differ and can be resolved from one another
TH01
D8S1179
D5S818 VWA
FGA D7S820
CSF1PO
AMEL
Sex-typing
D13S317
D16S539 D18S51 D21S11 AMEL
Capillary Electrophoresis System
Laser
36 cm
Capillary filled with
Detection
polymer solution
window
-
(cathode)
5-20 kV +
(anode)
Inlet Outlet
Buffer Buffer
CCD Panel
Size Ar+
Separation LASER
(488 nm)
Detection Color
region Separation
Butler, J.M. (2001) Forensic DNA Typing, Figure 10.8, ©Academic Press
Capillary Electrophoresis Instrumentation
ABI 310 ABI 3100
single capillary 16-capillary array
Scanned
Gel
Image
8
repeats
9
repeats
Capillary Electropherogram
PCR Product Size (bp)
loci
Allelic 8 11 14
Ladders
Sample
#1
All heterozygous
Sample
#2
PCR Product Size (bp)
loci
Allelic 8 11 14
Ladders
Sample alleles
#1
All heterozygous
Sample
#2
Crime Scene - Two Suspects
Suspect 1
D3 vWA FGA
S1 14,15 17,18 23,24
S2 15,18 17,19 23.2,24
Suspect 2
E 15,18 17,19 23.2,24
Evidence
Methods for Parallel Sample Processing
Multiplex
Multiplexby
bySize
Size Multiplex
Multiplexby
byDye
DyeColor
Color
Blue
Green
Yellow
Multiplex
Multiplexby
byNumber
Number of
ofCapillaries
Capillaries
Information is tied together with multiplex PCR and data analysis
TH01 D13S317
D3S1358 D16S539 D2S1338
D5S818
AMEL FGA
1 integrated analysis
vs. 16 separate runs
High-Throughput STR Typing on the ABI 3100 (16-capillary array)
http://www.fbi.gov/hq/lab/codis/clickmap.htm
1,641,076 offenders National DNA Database
78,475 forensic
102 missing persons
175 CODIS labs in 50 states, FBI, US Army Crime Lab & Puerto Rico
16,160 investigations aided
Results from Virginia
Inspections/
DAB Audits
Standards- NIST
SWGDAM Standard
Guidelines (SRMs)
STRBase
Short Tandem Repeat DNA
Internet Database
General Information Forensic Interest Data Supplemental Info
•Intro to STRs •FBI CODIS Core Loci •Reference List
(downloadable PowerPoint)
•DAB Standards •Technology Review
•STR Fact Sheets
•NIST SRM 2391 •Addresses for Scientists
•Sequence Information
•Published PCR Primers •Links to Other Web Sites
•Multiplex STR Kits
•Y-Chromosome STRs
•Variant Allele Reports Standardized
Standardized
•Population Data information
informationformats
formats
•Validation Studies
http://www.cstl.nist.gov/biotech/strbase
New DNA Test for Cats Developed in Our Lab
(the “MeowPlex”)
male
“Kitty Biometrics”
Disclaimer
“Implicated”
http://www.itl.nist.gov/div893/biometrics/Biometricsfromthemovies.pdf
Permit Entry
• DNA can be
reliably extracted
Used routinely in Virginia for off of the paper or
felon arrestee DNA collection Q-tip swab
with 99.5% success (only 23
failures in first 6 months of use)
Genetic Privacy Concerns
• The DNA profile itself is neutral (and uninformative)—
just a string of numbers like a Social Security Number
STRBase
Thank you for your attention…