Tuberculosis (TB)

ZIA UR RAHMAN
GBSN
 DEFINITION:
Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection disease spread through
inhaling tiny droplets from the coughs or sneezes of an infected person.

It mainly affects the lungs, but it can affect any part of the body,
including the tummy (abdomen), glands, bones and nervous system.
CLINICAL MANIFESTION OF TB

 A Persistent Cough That Lasts More Than 3 Weeks And Usually

Brings Up Phlegm, Which May Be Bloody.
 Weight Loss
 Night Sweats
 High Temperature
 Tiredness And Fatigue
 Loss Of Appetite
 Swellings In The Neck
 Pain in your chest
 TYPE OF TB:

 Latent TB: refers to the condition when you have a TB infection

but the bacteria remains inactive in your body and causes no
symptoms. Latent TB isn’t contagious but has a chance of becoming
active.

 Active TB: is when the TB bacteria multiply in your body, causing

you to develop the symptoms of tuberculosis. If your lungs get
infected with active TB, you can easily spread the disease to others.
 CAUSES OF TB

 Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a type of bacterium called

Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
 It's spread when a person with active TB disease in their lungs
coughs or sneezes and someone else inhales the expelled droplets,
which contain TB bacteria.
 Although TB is spread in a similar way to a cold or flu, it is not as
contagious.
 What can increase your risk of getting TB?

 Diabetes
 End-stage kidney disease
 Certain cancers
 Cancer treatment, such as chemotherapy
 Immunosuppressive drugs taken to prevent organ transplant
rejection
 HIV/AIDS​
TREATMENT OF TB:

 Doctors prescribe antibiotics. to take them for 6 to 9 months.

 Ethambutol (Myambutal)
 Isoniazid
 Pyrazinamide
 Rifampin
Nursing interventions for the patient
include:
 Promoting airway clearance. ...
 Instruct patient to cough or sneeze and expectorate into tissue and to refrain from
spitting.
 Promoting activity and adequate nutrition. ...
 Preventing spreading of tuberculosis infection. ...
 Acid-fast bacillus isolation. ...
 Disposal. ...
 Monitor adverse effects.