DESIGN OF REPAIR, RESTORATION AND

STRENGTHENING

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• Losses due to any natural hazards are usually
significant, but they can become even more significant
because of ignorance or lack of willingness to implement
an integrated rehabilitation scheme.

• Thus, hasty or erroneous design and /or bad execution

of the repairs may lead to increased damage and even
loss of human life in future hazards.

• Therefore, there is a need to provide the engineer with

all the necessary knowledge for rational design of repair
or strengthening, which includes the proper assessment
of structural characteristics (including dynamic
properties), knowledge of modern techniques and
materials for repair and strengthening, design
methodology and the appropriate procedure for the
execution of the structural rehabilitation.
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Seismic Hazard

• Available seismic resistance : Vc

• Residual seismic resistance: Vd
• If the structure exhibits damage due to the
earthquake, Vd is always less than Vc.
• Loss of Seismic resistance: Vc - Vd

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• The engineer must approach the rehabilitation problem
of a damaged building in four successive steps.
• 1.Examination of the damaged building
• 2.Development of alternate rehabilitation schemes.
• 3. Examination of the technical feasibility of
implementing each alternative, a well as its cost estimate
and selection of the optimum solution.
• 4. Final rehabilitation solution.
• Repair:
• The term ‘repair’ means that the damaged structural or
non structural members again reach the minimum
strength, stiffness and ductility they ought to have before
the hazard. This means that repair is limited only to the
damaged elements and in this sense ‘repair’ must be
considered as a local intervention.

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Strengthening:

• The term “strengthening” means the

increase of the hazard resistance of the
structure with interventions beyond repair.
This means that in addition to the local
interventions to the damaged elements,
interventions of global type will be carried
out, so that the overall structural behaviour
of the building will be improved.

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Strength index:
• In the literature (ATC 3-06, 1978), the strength index is
determined as
Rc =Vc/Vb
In practice, for the post earthquake intervention this index is
usually is replaced by Rc = Vd/Vc
(Vc-Vd)/Vc[%] Vb

Vb

Vc
Vd repair

strengthening
Seismic resistance V
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Fig. schematic presentation of Vb, Vc and Vd.
Materials and Intervention techniques
1. Conventional cast-n-place concrete
2. High strength concrete using shrinkage compensating
admixtures
3. Shotcrete (gunite)
• Main advantage is absence of forms, very good
adhesion between old and fresh concrete due to high
degree of compaction.
4.Polymer concrete: replaces a portion of the conventional
cement with certain polymers which are used as certain
cementitious modifiers . Vulnerable to fire conditions
5. Resins
Epoxy resins are the most common type used.
6. Resin concrete:
7. Grouts.
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 Repair and strengthening of structural
elements
• Depending on the desirable resistance and the
damage level and the type of joints, may be
repaired and strengthened with resin injections,
replacement of broken off-parts, glued on plates,
R/C jackets or metal cages
• The key to the success of the repair or
strengthening procedure is to attain a high
degree of bonding between the old and the new
concrete.

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Repair and strengthening of structural members
Columns.

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1= existing column
2=jacket
3=existing rft.
4= added
longitudinal rft.
5= added ties
6=welding
7=bent bars
8=metal plate

Fig.One sided strengthening of a column

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Fig. connection of the old to the new
reinforcement of the jacket
(a) Protection of the new bar against
buckling with weldings.
(b) Protection of new bars against
welding with octogonal ties.
1– Existing column
2 – jacket
3 – Key
4 – bent bars
5 – added reinforcement
6 – ties
7 – welding
8 – alternating corners.

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beams

(a) Local interventions-

resin injection
(b) R/C jackets
rcc jackets.
© Glued metal or FRP sheets.

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Fig. strengthening of a beam on
the lower face:

1 – existing rebars
2 – existing stirrups
3 – added longitudinal rebars
4 –added stirrups
5 – welded connecting bar
6 – welding
7 –Collar or angle profiles.

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Fig. Jacket on four sides of a beam:

1 – existing rebars
2 – added longitudinal rebars
3 – added stirrups
4 – welded connecting bar
5 - concrete jacket
6 -- welding

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Gluing metal sheets on concrete & Gluing FRP sheets on concrete

Welding of a new reinforcement bar

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Fig. local repair through the thickness of
slab:
a. Repair in the span
b. Repair on the connection of astair to
the slab. 1. added rebar, 2. welding,
3. added concrete, 4. existing slab
Fig. Increse in thickness of slab- addition
of new rft. a. increase of the thickness
on the upper face. b. increase of the
thickness of lower face with the
addition of new rft. 1. existing slab, 2.
added reinforcement, 3. dowel, 4.
anchoring bent bars. 5. welded
connecting bars.
Fig. Details of connection of a new layer
to the old concrete in a slab:
1 existing slab, 2. new slab, 3. sand
corner, 4. epoxy glue, 5 epoxied bolts
6. Angle profile, 7. anchor bolts or shoot 19
nails.
foundations
• Connection of column jacket footing
• Strengthening of footings

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 Fig. The end of a column jacket to the
footing: 1. new ties, 2. longitudinal rebars, 3
existing concrete, 4. added concrete, 5.
dowel in old concrete.

Fig. Anchorage of the column jacket re bar

to the footing: 1. old concrete, 2. jacket, 3.
longitudinal re bars. 4. new ties, 5. epoxied
connections.

Fig. Strengthening of footing – column:

1. Existing foundation, 2. existing
column, 3. reinforced jacket, 4. added
column, 5. added reinforcement.

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Thank you

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