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Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of The Host
Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of The Host
Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of The Host
Adaptive
Immunity:
Specific
Defenses
of the Host
SLOs
Differentiate between innate and adaptive immunity, and humoral and cellular immunity.
Define antigen, epitope, and hapten.
Explain the function of antibodies and describe their structural and chemical
characteristics. Name one function for each of the five classes of antibodies.
Compare and contrast T-dependent antigens and T-independent antigens.
Differentiate between plasma cell and memory cell.
Describe clonal selection.
Describe how a human can produce different antibodies.
Describe four outcomes of an antigen-antibody reaction.
Differentiate between helper T and cytotoxic T
Define apoptosis.
Define antigen-presenting cell.
Describe the role of antibodies and natural killer cells in antibody-dependent cell-
mediated cytotoxicity.
Identify at least one function of each of the following: cytokines, interleukins, interferons.
Distinguish a primary from a secondary immune response.
Contrast the four types of adaptive immunity.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Immune System Overview
Innate immunity: An individual’s genetically
predetermined resistance to certain diseases.
Adaptive immunity: Ability of the body to react to
specific microbial infection.
Adaptive immunity
is antigen specific, has memory
is made up of two branches
Humoral Immunity (B cell mediated)
Cellular Immunity (T cell mediated)
collaborates with innate immunity
has ability to ignore healthy “self” molecules
(tolerance)
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Vocabulary
Antigen (Ag): A substance that causes the body to
produce specific antibodies or sensitized T cells.
Antibody (Ab): Proteins made in response to an Ag;
can combine with that Ag.
Serology: The study of reactions between
antibodies and antigens.
Antiserum: A generic term for serum because it
contains Ab.
Globulins: Serum proteins
Immunoglobulins (= Gamma () globulins): Serum
antibodies
Complement:
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Serum Proteins
Fig 17.18
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The Nature of Antigens
Antigens and
antigenic
Determinants
Antibodies
recognize and
react with
antigenic
determinants or
epitopes on an
antigen
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Fig 17.1
Haptens Fig 17.2
Fig 17.5
Review
Fig 17.4
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Antigen
Presentation by
B-cell
Weak response
with no memory
cells
Young children
react poorly
Fig 17.6
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Antibody Diversity
Fig 17.7
Antigen
Recognition by
T Cells
MHC Class II on
surface of APCs
(Macrophages, B-
cells, dendritic
cells)
Mechanism of Destruction of cells
Action of CTL displaying MHC-I-Ag
complexes
Perforin molecules
create protein channels
in target cell membrane
Fig 17.16
Naturally acquired:
Fetus receives mothers
antibodies via placenta
Artificially acquired via
vaccination injection of
immune serum after
exposure (snake bite,
Rh+ child with Rh-
mother etc.)
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Compare to
Fig 17.17
Cellular Immunity Review