2.

1 Cell Structure and

Organisation
• You and most other living things are made up of
billions of tiny cells, just as a house is built of
bricks.
• Cells are the building blocks of life. They are the
the simplest units that exhibit the characteristics
of life.
• The term cells was first introduced by an English
scientist, Robert Hooke in 1667.
• Hooke saw closely-packed little boxes with thick
walls, he named the boxes cells.
How can we study the parts of the cell?
• Most cells are too small to be seen with our eyes
alone.
• We can use light and electro microscopes to help
us to see cells and their parts.
• Over 300 years ago, biologists like Robert Hooke
and Anton van Leeuwenhoek invented their own
light microscopes.
• Light microscopes magnify objects to more than
1000x, Electron microscopes magnify objects to
more than 200.000x.
• Micrographs is a camera can be fitted to either type of microscope
to take pictures.
• Light micrographs can come out as color images, electron
micrographs are black-and-white images, but they can be artificially
colorised.

What does a cell consist of?

• While all the cells of your body may not look the same, they all
have similar parts.
• Each living cell consists of living material called protoplasm.
• The protoplasm of a cell is made up of three parts: cell surface
membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus.
Lets Review
Section A: Multiple-Choice Questions
1.Which cell organelles are not visible under the ordinary light microscope?
Answer: D
2.The diagram shows a typical plant cell. Which of the numbered structures are
partially permeable?
Answer: A

Section B: Structured Questions

1.(a) Cell membrane
(b) Chromatin
(c) Mitochondria
 (d) Golgi apparatus
(e) Nucleus
2.(a)Cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus
and ribosomes
(b)Centriole
(c)Cell surface membrane, large central vacuole, chloroplasts
3.A, Because A is the only structure that is fixed shape caused by the cell wall.

Section C: Free-Response Questions

Proteins that are destined to be exported from the cell or are going to be inserted
into the cell's membrane enter the endoplasmic reticulum as they
are synthesized by ribosomes that bind to the surface of the ER and feed the
new proteins into the ER through small pores.